The Psychological Effects of Alcohol Consumotion Research Paper

The Psychological Effects of Alcohol Consumotion - Research Paper Example Alcohol is created through a chemical process of fermentation usually involved in a process of brewing or distilling. There are three main classes of alcohol: beer, wine, and liquor. Each one is unique in their strength and how they are made. Beer is traditionally brewed from hops using yeast for fermentation. Wine is made from a variety of grapes which is fermented to increase the alcohol content. Hard liquors have the highest alcohol content and are often created through a process known as distillation. There have been many different legislative actions which have influenced the use of alcohol in United States history. The first major event was the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment which prohibited the sale of alcohol in the United States. This caused an increased crime rate and increased sales of alcohol on the black market. The only way in which a person could get alcohol legally was through the prescription from a licensed physician. This was repealed by the twenty first amendment which once again allowed alcohol to be sold legally. There has also been legislature which has determined that no one under the age of 21 may consume alcohol in the United States and states are given the right to set restrictions on types of alcohol sales and hours of operations for establishments selling alcohol (Gately, 2008). What is alcohol? Alcohol is both water and adipose soluble. The chemical composition for alcohol (ethanol) is C2H5OH. The polarity of the molecule caused by the oxygen is what allows alcohol to interact with the body. This means that alcohol can go in and affect around 90% of the body’s components and systems. It specifically functions as a depressant by lowering the neuroelectrical activity in the central nervous system which in turn affects other parts of the body. Ethanol is specifically linked to dealing with the inhibition of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine, GABA, serotonin, and NMDA receptors. Alcohol also stimulates the secretion of dopamine in the dopaminergic reward pathway which is what accounts for the euphoric effect associated with drinking (Begleiter, & Kissin, 1996). This is also seen in the interaction with GABA receptors. GABA is principally used by the body to control stress response. Alcohol stimulates these receptors on GABA neurons which are why people usually report feeling calmer and more relaxed after consuming alcohol. This is also what helps with the psychological effect because this good feeling is reinforcing the alcoholic behavior. In addition to the physiological effects that are caused by the disruption of the levels of these neurotransmitters, there are also psychological effects to be considered. Once alcohol enters the body, it is metabolized in the liver where the alcohol is converted into acetylaldehyde. This organic molecule is then broken down into acetate, water, and carbon dioxide. The human body is able to process approximately one drink an hour. This is however dependent on many factors. The first key difference is in gender. Males can typically process alcohol faster than women due to water to fat ratio. This is because alcohol is soluble in both water and fat. Metabolism is also another important key factor in the process of alcohol. Too much alcohol can cause damage to many different organs. First, the liver is the most susceptible to damage. Even though the liver is the fastest regenerating organ in the body, scarring caused by overdrinking can

Functional Family Therapy (FFT) Essay Example for Free

Functional Family Therapy (FFT) Essay Functional Family Therapy (FFT) is a family-based prevention and intervention program that deals with such juvenile problems as child abuse and neglect, early sexual involvement, alcohol and drug abuse, youth conflict and aggression. Since these problems originate within the family structure in many cases, FFT program refers to every member of the family in order to achieve the highest treatment results. It is important to emphasize that FFT recognizes that both positive and negative behaviors influence and are influenced by multiple relational systems.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The main positive influence of FFT is that it develops inner strengths and sense of being of each member of the family. In such a way, family members are united under the common viewpoints on life, activities and goals. As a result, the situation within the family might be improved due to different intervention and assessment phases. Functional Family Therapy consists of three specific intervention phases: engagement and motivation, behavior change, and generalization. Each of these phases has certain goals, risk and protective factors, assessment focus and therapist/interventional skills that might be related to each of the phases. The first phase – engagement and motivation – helps to increase family’s hope and expectation of change, improve trust between therapist and family, and reduce negativity within families and toward the community as well as build respect to individual values and differences. During the second phase – behavior change – therapists develop long-term plans of behavior change that can fit to certain culture, family situation and understand the unique characteristics of each family member. Cognitive, interactive and emotional components are included into behavior change phase. The main focus of this phase is to improve the quality of relations skills because of the risks dealing with poor parenting and communication skills, negativity and blaming. Thus, FFT program gives an opportunity to model the change plan, train each member and control the whole process. Finally, generalization phase helps to unite the families with available community resources in order to prevent relapses in the behavior change. It is directed to improve the ability of the family to affect the multiple systems like school, juvenile justice system, community, etc.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Since FFT program addresses each member of the family where there are problems with juveniles, it helps to identify the core reasons of juvenile behavior change which in most cases happen within the family. Parents learn to understand their children, but most important to listen to their thoughts, opinions, problems, and many other issues which are important for juveniles, but might be neglected by the adults. At the same time children learn to understand the behavior of their parents, to respect and listen to the adults as well as improve their relations with the families, school and community as a whole. Due to FFT program recidivism rates greatly decreased in the recent time. Certainly, there is no single treatment which is commonly accepted and can help all juveniles and heir families to solve the problems or prevent them. However, FFT I is considered on of the best way to prevent juvenile delinquency since it does not only solve the problem itself, but addresses the core reason for this problem to occur – the juvenile family and community he/she lives in.

Destructive Ambition in Shakespeares Macbeth Essay -- Macbeth essays

Destructive Ambition in Macbeth      Ã‚  Ã‚   William Shakespeare's tragic play Macbeth presents the fizzled drive of an ambitious husband and wife. This essay is the story of their destructive ambition.    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" refers to the ambition of Lady Macbeth:      [. . .] to have seen Banquo's ghost at the banqueting table ... and persisted in her fierce mocking of her husband's terror would have been impossible to human nature. The hypothesis makes Lady Macbeth a monster, and there is no such thing in all Shakespeare's plays. That she is godless, and ruthless in the pursuit of the objects of her ambition, does not make her such. (118)    In "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth," Sarah Siddons mentions the ambition of Lady Macbeth and its effect:    [Re "I have given suck" (1.7.54ff.)] Even here, horrific as she is, she shews herself made by ambition, but not by nature, a perfectly savage creature. The very use of such a tender allusion in the midst of her dreadful language, persuades one unequivocally that she has really felt the maternal yearnings of a mother towards her babe, and that she considered this action the most enormous that ever required the strength of human nerves for its perpetration. Her language to Macbeth is the most potently eloquent that guilt could use.   (56)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare interpret the main theme of the play as intertwining with evil and ambition:    While in Hamlet and others of Shakespeare's plays we feel that Shakespeare refined upon and brooded over his thoughts, Macbeth seems as if struck out at a heat and imagined from first to last with rapidity and power, a... ...of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964.    Johnson, Samuel. The Plays of Shakespeare. N.p.: n.p.. 1765. Rpt in Shakespearean Tragedy. Bratchell, D. F. New York, NY: Routledge, 1990.    Kemble, Fanny. "Lady Macbeth." Macmillan's Magazine, 17 (February 1868), p. 354-61. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Macbeth. http://chemicool.com/Shakespeare/macbeth/full.html, no lin.    Siddons, Sarah. "Memoranda: Remarks on the Character of Lady Macbeth." The Life of Mrs. Siddons. Thomas Campbell. London: Effingham Wilson, 1834. Rpt. in Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press, 1997.   

The Pros and Cons of Homeschooling Essay -- Pro Con Essays

All children in America have the right to a quality education. Most students receive that education through conventional means, going to a public or private school. There is another option for today's children, home schooling. Home schooling is a controversial issue. While it does have its benefits, some people believe it has too many downfalls to be an effective method of education. In this paper, topics such as academic impact, social impact, and parental opinions of home schooling will be discussed. Perhaps the most significant impact of home schooling is the actual learning. There are many academic advantages. In a home schooling situation, there is no doubt a more individualized program of study than any traditional school can offer. Whatever a child's pace or level of ability is, it can be met directly. A parent or tutor can focus exactly on what the child needs extra help or improvement in, as well as what the child excels at.(Ray, 2014) In a public school, teachers must teach to "the middle" and have little time to cater to an individual student's needs on a regular basis. There is also room for a better quality of learning in a home schooling setting. Parents or tutors in a home school setting do not have to waste time with administrative tasks or repeating directions. They can get down to learning and reviewing. If a child is ok with a subject, they can move on. A child who is home schooled also has the opportunity to take part in a greater number of alternative learning experiences. For example, if a parent feels that a trip to a museum will better get a point across, on the spur of the moment they can take their child. Such spontaneity would not be possible in a regular school classroom. A certain structure is expected in a public school. In home schooling, parents or tutors are free to teach using methods they deem appropriate to the situation and the student. In a traditional school, much time is wasted. The students need time to change classes, get out their homework, pass out papers, etc. Even getting to school is a long trek for some students. In a home schooling setting, these trivial tasks are greatly reduced. For example, the first day of school in a public or private traditional school normally means a lot of paperwork and administrative tasks. Students spend most of the day getting lockers and filling out emergency cards so t... ...l that it is a decision that a parent needs to make, based on what they feel are important standards for learning. Home schooling provides a more relaxed environment, with a one on one learning environment and a flexible schedule. It also provides a pace that is best for the child, an environment on areas children want to focus on as well as confident student who doesn ¦Ãƒ t have to deal with the feelings of others. However, it decreases the socialization of the child, less exposure to different ethnicities and a limited view of the real world. The parents probably do not have the knowledge they need to teach, there are more distractions to deal with and parents may not know how to teach. These ideas are serious to think about and only add to the controversial idea of home schooling. Articles/Scholarly Sources Ray, Brian D. Customization through Home schooling Education Leadership, April 2014, Volume 59. Issue 7. Romanowski, Michael. Common Arguments about the Strengths and Limitations of Home Schooling Clearing House, Nov/Dec 2014, Vol.75, Issue 2. Internet Sources www.homeschooling.about.com www.learninfreedom.com www.homeschoolingonline.org

Child Labor-Research Paper Essay

Children are the most important people in this world. Not only are they innocent and premature, but they also provide the future for this world. Every great leader or world changing man or women was once a bay. That baby grew up and became something great. Because that bay was raised the right way they were able to achieve men’s greatest achievements. If people like George Washington were raised differently then where would America be? We could still be under British Rule. We could be one of the governments that keep getting into civil wars because they have no strong leaders to lead them in the right direction. One child can rearrange how the world is today. Children are like a ball of clay. Children must be cared for in order to be shaped into a beautiful masterpiece. What masterpiece can you make with cracked clay? Ask any artist or sculptor you can’t work with cracked clay. It crumbles and falls apart in your hand. How can we make this world a masterpiece if the structure isn’t supportive? Child labor is the harsh dry climate that can dry and crack the future masterpiece that is our world. We need educated, healthy, and able children to run our future world and make it the utopia we wish it could be. Putting Child Labor on the front of Time Magazine can really help with this problem. Having this topic on the front of such a popular magazine can really help with the publicity this topic needs. There can be a lot more done to help this on going problem. We need to educate the world on what is happening to these poor children that this has to happen too. Child labor is a very important problem and needs to be stopped as soon as possible. Child Labor should be on the cover of Time Magazine because it is a growing problem, it can destroy countries, and children are the future for this world. Keeping in mind all this aspects I believe that child labor is completely cowardly act of the cruel people and should be banned. The history of child labor is very extensive. Not only has it been around since the beginning of time it’s also been a technique used in every single country in the world. As a matter of fact Child labor is still around today. It may not be as extensively used as it used to be but it is still around. During the 1700’s child labor was a big part of the industrial revolution. Kids were hired to do tasks that required their attributes. They were ordered to crawl under working machines and check things out. Surprisingly Children were given the most dangerous jobs. Many children died, lost limbs, or were seriously injured. As the problem grew it was introduced to more immature countries. These countries used children for many things including work. They would have them work on farms, factories, or other laboring jobs. Rebel armies in 3rd world countries are especially big fans of Child Labor. They use children for everything for the fact that they are easy to brainwash. They use children to distribute guns, as soldiers, or as servants. The main use of Child Labor now is mostly 3rd world countries. These countries have been depending on these children for many things. They need these children so much because they are very new countries. These countries might have become independent not very long ago and struggle very much to remain stable†(Galbi Douglas). Because these countries are so young thy are way to busy trying to figure out problems like who is in charge and dealing with rebel armies that this problem is almost nothing to them. Believe or not some governments use child labor. These 3rd world countries believe that putting a child to work is fine. As I said before the history of Child Labor is very extensive and there is probably some things that experts don’t even know about this topic. Child Labor has been a growing problem ever since the beginning of time. According to the history of Child Labor not very much has been done to prevent Child Labor. Certain countries have created laws preventing Child Labor but most of the world still has Children working. Most of these countries are 3rd world countries. There are many reasons why 3rd world countries have Child Labor. It provides family’s with one more paycheck to help with bills. You may notice the many 3rd world families have a lot of members. That is because if you have more children you have more paychecks coming in. Another reason is because people believe it might balance out there economy. Politics in these countries might believe that increasing the working class will increase the amount of products able to export therefore increasing trade and wealth. Also the main purpose that countries have Child Labor because it is the cheapest form of labor. Kids are able to work relatively cheap because there are easy to manipulate and convince that certain things are fair. This is an easy way to increase the work effort and increase profit too. These countries believe that Child Labor is a good way to increase their wealth and hopefully get them out of the economic slump they are in. Because these countries are very young they don’t see this as being wrong. Also they don’t see that Child Labor is actually destroying them also. Child Labor does the exact opposite of help. That’s why it is such an important growing problem. We have to figure out some how to convince countries that Child Labor isn’t good. Countries don’t believe anything is wrong because we keep on buying their products. There are several large companies that use Child Labor as a form of cheap labor so they are able to make much more profit. One of these big name product that use Child Labor in their factories is Nike. Nike is one of the biggest companies around in the U. S and they use Children in their factories. This shows how much it actually is around us. It is because of companies like this that are the reason the Child labor is still around. (Why children work) Child Labor is a main reason why 3rd world countries are the way they are today. Child labor devastates countries and families all around the world. Not only does Child Labor include the labor of several children but it also is a main topic in the tragedy of child trafficking. Children are sold as slaves to several people that are involved in Child trafficking. These Children are forced to work and do certain jobs fir no pay and little food. This also usually happens in 3rd world countries. These children are usually kidnapped of the streets then sold. Another reason why Child labor is destroying countries is because these 3rd world countries that need a strong leader now have no educated children that can soon be their leader. To have a good leader he must be well educated. All of the great leaders of the world were once young children. As children they were pushed to get the best education they possibly can get. Now they were able to change the world into a better place. Without educated children, who will be the future leaders of these 3rd world countries? It is because there are no children that are educated that these countries are in such a slump. (Child Labor) Children are the future larders of this world. Name any person that has accomplished so many great things for this world and no matter what that person would always have a child hood. Our President for example, he was once a child. He used to play with toys and play tag. What he had different then Children in labor are the opportunity. That is what we need to provide for these children. We have to give these children an opportunity to help their country, to help their families, to help the world. If we are able to give these children opportunity they can help these countries. They can bring these countries out of the slumps they are in. They can even fix many of our problems that we have today. We should fight to end this struggle. We should fight to win this war against Child Labor. Many people think that child labor only existed in the early twentieth century but that is wrong. Child labor still exists in our world today and even though we do not hear or read about it, it is still prominent in the world today. Many companies based in the United States are also involved in child labor. Many of the companies that are involved in child labor are not involved directly. Just because child labor has a negative connotation does not mean that all the results of child labor are negative. There are many negative outcomes of child labor and people should not encourage child labor but it is still very much alive in our world today. Many people wonder what child labor is, or how many children are actually affected by it, or even where it take place. To define child labor, someone could say it is any work that could harm, abuse, or misuse children. It is also important to know that child labor is a major problem throughout the world. Just about two hundred and fifty million children around the world are considered child laborers. Child laborers are found all over the world. Child labor is not just limited to one or two regions in the world, it is a global problem that must be controlled. Many studies have been conducted in recent times to further understand how prevalent child labor is in our world today. It is known around the world that child laborers are mainly recruited from poor or undeveloped countries. Many child laborers are promised money, a better life style, housing and all the amenities they would ever need, but it is a lie. Employers tell these lies to the parents of children. The parents are hoping that the employer would give a better type of life for their child than they would if they stayed with them. In addition to child labor not being limited to one region of the world not only one age group is limited to being taken as child laborers. Some kids are taken from their homes to become child laborers at the age of four. Many of the children that are taken to be child laborers are tricked and scammed into becoming child laborers. A recent study on child labor showed the Asian continent possessed the most child laborers. The study showed that of all the children laborers in the world Asia had just above sixty percent of all the children laborers. Following Asia with the second most child laborers was the continent of Africa with just above thirty percent of world’s children laborers. Latin America held just below ten percent of the world’s children laborers. The rest of the children laborers are found in the United States, Canada, or prospering nations on the European continent. About one fifth of all the workers in Asia are children. Also in Latin America just about one fifth of all the workers are children. A study conducted by the UNICEF organization concluded that about thirty-three percent of children in Africa were working. The same study showed that twenty percent of children in Latin America were at work. â€Å"Out of the two hundred and fifty million child laborers in the world about eight and a half million child laborers are forced to work in conditions that sexually exploit them or in conditions that force them to use weapons†(Yuban Hilda). Many people also wonder can child labor really exist in the United States of America today. It may be hard to believe but child labor does occur in the United States of America today. In the year 1996 a study showed that just fewer than two hundred thousand child laborers were in the United States of America. In the same study about sixty thousand of the two hundred thousand child laborers in America were under the age of fourteen. With all this knowledge many people wonder what is being done, and what can be done in the future. The government of the United States of America has passed many laws and restrictions to fight child labor but it has not been enforced to a great extent. It is evident that child labor is widely impacting our world; destroying our countries and preventing the children that are the future for this world to do great things. Looking at all of these aspects, it shows how big of a problem this issue is, and putting it on the cover of time magazine would help inform people on such large levels. The only way that people will know about how serious the conditions are for these children is if the word is spread, and Time Magazine will show everyone that they must help. Imagine if the United States provided these types of conditions to our children. Is that the type of society that you would want your children, your children’s children, and the future generations to live in? With that being said, how could the people in countries like America not do anything to help? We must help. We can no longer allow this issue to spread in third world countries. If we want these countries to strive and become stable countries, it must start with the children; they need help and they shouldn’t have to deal with these types of conditions any longer. Child labor should be on the cover of time magazine because it is a rapidly growing problem, is will leave countries in ruins, and children are the future of this planet.

The Case Of Ocean Park Hong Kong Tourism Essay Essays

The Case Of Ocean Park Hong Kong Tourism Essay Essays The Case Of Ocean Park Hong Kong Tourism Essay Essay The Case Of Ocean Park Hong Kong Tourism Essay Essay Ocean Park was opened on 10 January 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong, Sir Murray MacLehose. It took HK $ 150 million, which was funded by The Hong Kong Jockey Club and the Hong Kong Government, to be built. Between 1982 and 1984, The Hong Kong Jockey Club gave a farther HK $ 240 million to develop the installations at Tai Shue Wan and thrill drives at the Summit. The Hong Kong Jockey Club stopped subsidising Ocean Park on 1 July 1987 Ocean Park became its ain statutory organic structure, with a Government-appointed Board. The Hong Kong Jockey Club established a HK $ 200 million trust to guarantee the Park s continued development. At present, Ocean Park is managed by the Ocean Park Corporation, a financially-independent, not-for-profit administration. Background of Ocean Park Hong Kong In Hong Kong, there are two subject Parkss which are most popular and visitants should see if they come to Hong Kong.A They are Ocean Park and Hong Kong Disneyland.A In this essay, we will chiefly concentrate on discoursing Ocean Park. Ocean Park Hong Kong ( e ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã‚ µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’ ) , normally known as Ocean Park, is an carnal subject park, situated in Wong Chuk Hang and Nam Long Shan in the Southern District of Hong Kong. It is founded in 1977 by the Governor of Hong Kong Sir Murray MacLehose, Ocean Park has now got about 35 attractive forces and drives. The park has won several awards, including The World s Seventh Most Popular Amusement Park and the 33rd Most Visited Tourist Attractions in the World by Forbes. In twelvemonth 2007/2008, Ocean Park had 5.03 million visitants. It was awarded the universes figure 15 subject Parkss . It has the one-year attending in front of rival Hong Kong Disneyland s 4.5 million visitants. Covering an country of 870,000 square metres of land, the park is separated by a big mountain into two countries, The Summit ( Headland ) and The Waterfront ( Lowland ) severally. The two countries can be reached by a 1.5A kilometer long overseas telegram auto system, a shuttle coach, or the Ocean Express ( train ) . As the Headland consists of several hills, visitants can besides take the universe s 2nd longest out-of-door escalator to travel from one side of the mountain to the other side.. The subject park now has 19 drives, including two roller coasters. It besides consists of 11 carnal exhibits, such as a Elephantine coon bear home ground, a jelly fish and Chinese sturgeon fish tank, every bit good as a four-story fish tank demoing more than 2,000 fish. Besides being an amusement park, Ocean Park besides operates observatories, well-developed research labs, an instruction section and a Whales and Dolphins Fund. Ocean Park Hong Kong was the first establishment in the universe to hold success in unreal insemination of bottle-nosed dolphin mahimahis, and developed legion new strains of Carassius auratus. In September 2007, Ocean Park Hong Kong increased its ticket monetary values by 12 % and 14 % to take advantage of the Golden Week Holidays. In July 2009, Ocean Park Hong Kong announced that they would increase their ticket monetary values once more by 20 % and 25 % . Attractions park of ocean park Hong Kong Headlines Rides ( a ±Ã‚ ±a?S? ©Ya†¹aYZ ) Lowland Gardens ( c ¶ e†¡ZeS ±a?’ ) Whisker s Harbor ( aaa ¤Ã‚ ©a? ° ) Tai Shu Wan Entrance ( a ¤Ã‚ §ca†¦?a ) Theater Shows A statement of the job or critical issues for the survey A statement of the job or critical issues for the Ocean Park opened over 28 old ages. Allan Zeman, a individual who changed the fate of Ocean Park, was the Chairman since 2004.A Before Allan Zeman joined Ocean Park, the Park was merely matched the break-even point of their revenue.A It is because the installations are acquiring old and no new games built in the Park.A The Park merely maintains all the common installations like Cable Car, Ocean Theatre, Pacific Pier, Atoll Reef, Whiskers Theater, etc. All the shows are old and non interesting to old visitants at all.A After Allan Zeman going the Chairman of the Ocean Park, he introduced tonss of new component to the Park.A The most popular is the Sea Jelly Spectacular, Giant Panda Adventure, The HKJC Giant Panda Habitat and Chinese Sturgeon Aquarium.A The Government of Mainland China gives the Chinese Sturgeon and pandas to the Ocean Park which shows friendly relationship between China and Hong Kong.A It attracts tonss of visitants to see the Park because of the rare species of animate beings. Ocean Park mark clients have a wider scope than the Hong Kong Disneyland. A It is because the games are more aroused than those in the Hong Kong Disneyland.A For illustration, the Abyss Turbo Drop and Mine Train are excessively chilling if kids play.A Allan Zeman introduced these games most likely pulling adolescents over 15.A On the other manus, households which have aged and kids are besides important in his project.A The SkyFair, Giant Panda Adventure, Goldfish Treasures, Emperors of the Sky and tonss of shows are provided to the households to visit.A Children can larn from the shows and the boards in the fish tank or the show suites to cognize more cognition outside classrooms.A Ocean Park started the Ocean Park Academy Hong Kong for pupils to larn in nature. A Students can feed parrots or mahimahis in the lessons. Besides, Ocean Park will supply their staff as circuit usher to lead pupils to see the fish tank and show suites in order to supply an interesting acquisition environment to them.A They provide at least five classs to difference categories of pupils from kindergarten to secondary school.A Each degree gives pupils different ways to larn the nature, for illustration, games, conveying pupils to detect the animate beings, fish, sea king of beastss, seals and coon bears, etc and function drama and so forth. Ocean Express commenced in the early 2010.A It provides a new manner and faster manner to go between the Ocean Park s Waterfront to the exhilaration at the Summit.A It eases the load of Cable Car.A It can convey 5,000 people per hr in each way between two chief lands in Ocean Park within 3 minutes.A It saves the travelling clip for visitants and allow them hold more clip to play in the Park.A The Ocean Express designed like a pigboat and offers a vivid experience that simulates a journey through the ocean s depths.A It carries through the thought of people in the ocean.A On the other manus, some aged or people may afraid of siting overseas telegram autos as they have acrophobia.A The beginning of Ocean Express is a good pick for them that travel between two chief lands in the Park.A It targets all scopes of their clients. Since Allan Zeman joined the Ocean Park, he raised tonss of subjects to the Park in difference seasons to fulfill childs and large childs wants. A In summer, Ocean Park set up a impermanent H2O war game site to childs and large kids.A Childs can play in a little resort area with H2O and slides.A Big childs can convey H2O guns which provided by the Park to hold an exciting H2O war game in a safe impermanent site.A It is non merely chilling down in the hot summer, but besides giving a good topographic point for households and friends to play something that they can non easy happen in Hong Kong.A One of the most successful undertakings brought out by Allan Zeman is Halloween. This event attracts at least 50 % more visitants to the Park every twelvemonth at that period.A Most of them are adolescents and large kids.A The degree of chilling in Ocean Park is much higher so the Hong Kong Disneyland and therefore it becomes celebrated to adolescents and large kids.A Lots of foreign visitants come to see Ocean Park in Halloween as they are attracted by the degree of chilling and the temper of this amusing and dismaying festival. In Christmas, Ocean Park injects another subject which is called Ocean Park Christmas Sensation .A As Christmas is a romantic festival, Ocean Park provides a love affair ambiance for twosomes in love.A It is wholly different from the Hong Kong Disneyland that merely supplying financess to childs. In decision, Ocean Park takes attention of broad scope of their customers.A No affair pupils, elderly, households, friends, twosomes, childs, large childs, etc, they used to supply assortment subjects to its mark clients and do them fresh in every visit.A Purpose of the survey Harmonizing to the Tourism Development Bureau, 2009 Visitor Arrivals Summary by Country / Territory of Residence of the show, visitants from Mainland China had 1,848,832, accounting for the entire figure of visitants in Hong Kong 60.4 % , 14.1 % addition over 2008, statistics show Chinese mainland tourers are our most of import visitants. In February 2005, the Ocean Park Corporation submitted to the Government a $ 5.55 billion maestro program to redevelop the park into a first marine-themed park having more than 70 attractive forces. The renovation program continues to underscore the importance of community engagement and the park s function in back uping preservation and educational enterprises in Hong Kong. First to the 2nd stage has been completed, some new drives and attractive forces have installations open to the re-development undertaking is expected to be in the concluding phases of completion in 2014. Amalgamate footing of the above information, the intent of the probe is to understand the mainland tourers for the satisfaction of the current park, which re-development undertakings of the impact on the Marine park. Through empirical informations, we hope to demo whether the re-development undertaking had brought about the expected effectivity and benefits to do a study and analysis Contribution of the survey Our research will concentrate on mainland visitants come ining the park satisfaction, motive and behaviour in the park re-development undertaking between the impact of mainland tourers as the park s chief mark, to convey the benefits of the park s part through the studyA expect to larn more about the outlooks of mainland tourers to the park, the installations of the park today, attractive forces, conveyance and environing substructure, based on the above standards, and wanted to come up with behavioural purpose Ocean Park visitants, tourer motive, satisfaction Behavioral purpose Behavioral purpose is the consumer s behaviour or actions, including the recommendations of others and revisits.A Boulding, Kalr, Staelin, and Zeithaml ( 1993 )[ 1 ]as interpreted by the repurchase purposes , and would urge to others to mensurate consumer behaviour, purpose, purpose to move on behalf of tourers Consumer merchandise or service behavioural inclinations, the chief response to the possibility of a future purchase, whether the possibility of reclamation or transition ; Customer willingA the constitution of positive word of mouth support tendencies.A It can be seen, diversion and tourer industry in client trueness should hold Revisiting the significance Positive grasp Purpose to urge behaviour The purpose in this survey as a footing to mensurate three facets Tourism motive Human activities, has its built-in psychological grounds, it is Motivation[ 2 ], it is one of the Motivation will necessarily bring forth a certain sort of behavior.A Therefore, the motive = behaviour is a psychological causation.A Because of the psychological long-run inducements, including the demands, demands, thrusts, exhilaration, attitude, involvements, aspirations and so the definition, towards the end and counsel to the activities of the procedure, TO Select Hong Kong as Ocean Park personal activities originating from what motivations caused. Scope of this survey of travel motives, the Department of the topics in the tourist motive graduated table , said the tonss on it. That including physical and mental relaxation, leisure, societal, self-affirmation, and four degrees of larning new knowledge.A Subjects, the higher the mark, bespeaking that the strength of its touristry motive is stronger, lower tonss, bespeaking the strength of touristry motive is weaker. Satisfaction[ 3 ] The construct of consumer satisfaction theory, consumers will pay to convey it sensible and practical to obtain satisfied with the sort of feeling.A Open before the expected experience opened gain experience , and in the overall diversion experience visitants as satisfactory.A The satisfaction of the Institute for the tourers call it amusement environment, the belongingss of each degree, This is the Ocean Park visitants engage in diversion environment, touristry, services, and consequences of subsequent experience.A the satisfaction of tourers, including all the major services, amusement, environment, landscape experience, thoughts exchange, to recreational activities around the six countries. A Department of topics in the experience satisfaction , said the tonss on it.A The higher the mark, which indicates that Ocean Park had a higher grade of satisfaction, on the contrary, a lower mark is expressed non satisfied with that. To accomplish the intent, the undermentioned aims are set: Personal features of mainland tourers travel Motivation Motivation of touristry impact on satisfaction To discourse redevelopment programs adopted will revisit the impact Satisfaction, the impact on the willingness to revisit Consequences of the analysis, reexamine the way and aims of the present park effectivity, to re-formulate the future way and policies of the park, as the position or policy-making foundation, is an of import portion of policy preparation. Scope and restrictions of the survey Scopes The research will find the motive and satisfaction of the invitees of the Ocean Park Hong Kong. The execution of the research will be analyzed and discussed. In the research, the scopes of survey will be divided into three countries: Areas of survey All the enabled installations, including the attractive forces and shows, dining country and shopping shops in the Ocean Park, and the environing installations related to the Ocean Park will be the countries of survey. The installations which are under building will non be included in this research. Objects of survey Harmonizing to the imperativeness release announced by Ocean Park on 25 June 2010, the Ocean Park attained 5.1 million of attending for twelvemonth 2009/2010. The information indicated that there are more than 53 % of invitees are tourers from Mainland China, which are the biggest part of the attending. Therefore, the research will concentrate on the tourers from Mainland China ( both tour group visitants and single visitants ) , in household footing and the caput of the household, who visit the Ocean Park during the sampling clip frame. Variables of survey This research will concentrate on analysing the background features ( e.g. ages, businesss, instruction and topographic point of abode ) of the tourers from Mainland China, and their travel motives, satisfactions and outlooks to the Ocean Park. Restrictions This research will be limited by a assortment of factors as below: The redevelopment work of the Ocean Park is still in advancement. It will be delivered in stages by 2012. Consequently, the countries of this research will merely cover the developed and enabled installations. The research consequence will non include all parts in Ocean Park. Furthermore, the degree of satisfaction of the visitants will be affected by the renovation work. For those Mainland tourers who visit the Ocean Park before or after the clip frame of this research, will non be considered as the objects of the survey. Since the research will merely concentrate on a group of people and there will be clip frame for the research, the research consequence can merely reflect the analysis of a part of the entire population. The credibleness of the collected information depends on the honestness of the respondents which is the state of affairs we can non command. This will impact the truth of the research consequence. Methodologies to be used We will obtain primary informations through the procedure of direct observations, questionnaires and survey/personal interview. At the same clip, information will be collected from secondary beginnings. Primary Data Observations We will carry on observations in order to get accurate informations. The tourers from Mainland China in the Ocean Park will be observed and recorded as much of their behaviour as possible. Observation is an easy but a clip devouring undertaking. Observational research techniques are required for roll uping the information. The perceivers will be cognizant of non allowing the targeted topics know they are being observed. The findings are considered high grade of cogency because the perceiver will be able to roll up a deepness of information about the behaviour of the targeted topics. Questionnaire A questionnaire ( see Appendix I ) is designed for obtaining the survey/personal interview. We intend to utilize the questionnaire as a tool for roll uping informations from at least 300 tourers from Mainland China who have visited the Ocean Park. The questionnaire is divided into three parts. Part one is to roll up personal information and their motive for sing Ocean Park, which helps us to acquire the different background of the tourers. The other portion is to piece their degree of satisfaction to the Ocean Park. The staying portion of the questionnaire is to garner the outlooks and sentiments on the strengths and restrictions of the Ocean Park for farther betterment. The questionnaire is designed based on the undermentioned inquiries: What is the factor attracted you to see the Ocean Park? Make you fulfill with the current installations of Ocean Park? What do you anticipate for the hereafter development of Ocean Park? What do you propose the Ocean Park for betterment? Will you see the Ocean Park once more? The questionnaire will be tested in a pilot survey for look intoing the quality of the inquiries and gauging the response rate, so as to modify the questionnaire if necessary. Behavior of Survey/Personal Interview In the survey, we intend to roll up the information from three groups of people. The first group of targeted interviewees is the tourers from China who have visited the Ocean Park and within the ages of 18-60 ; the 2nd group is the representative of the Ocean Park ; and the 3rd group is the Hong Kong Receiving Agents for Chinese Tours. We will utilize the questionnaire as a tool and carry oning the study with the first group of people. We expect to interview at least 300 people in the first group ( tourers from China who have visited the Ocean Park ) in order to roll up their background, motives and satisfactions of sing the Ocean Park. The survey/personal interview will be carried out from 13 November 2010 On the other manus, we will ask for the Chairman of the Ocean Park, Dr. Allan Zeman, for an informational interview ( see Appendix II ) . This interview aims to garner his penetrations of the hereafter development of the Ocean Park and his position on the go oning growing of the invitees from Mainland China. Besides, we will seek the list of Hong Kong Receiving Agents for Chinese Tours through the web site of Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong. We will ask for the agents for an interview ( see Appendix III ) , to acquire the gross revenues information for the Ocean Park tickets and their position on the go oning growing of the tourers from Mainland China. Sampling Methods Not all members of the population will be sampled. Merely the invitees who are inside or outside the Ocean Park will be sampled indiscriminately. A screening inquiry will be asked to find whether the respondent is qualified to reply the questionnaire. We target to speak merely to the caput of the household or caput of the group of people . If the individual we would wish to interview is unwilling or unable to take part, we will ask for the other family members or group members to be interviewed. Problems Occurred There will be a assortment of jobs occurred while carry oning the research: Time handiness How long should the study be taken? Do we hold adequate clip for making the interviews? Lengthy questionnaire may frighten away the interviewees, particularly the tourers. Geographic limitations The targeted interviewees are over excessively wide a geographic scope for us to transport out a personal interview. Language issues The tourers from Mainland China non merely talk in Mandarin and Cantonese. Partss of them speak in Chinese idiom. Low response rate Some interviewees are unwilling to be interviewed and surveyed. They will decline to react. The low response rates are among the most hard of jobs in the research. Incomplete questionnaire There will be deficient informations for the analysis. Problems Solving The undermentioned schemes will be set for work outing the job: The questionnaire should non be excessively long and excessively complicated. The content should be easy for understanding. We will obtain the interview and study indoors or outside the Ocean Park. It is easier for trying the targeted interviewees. The interviewers should be multilingual and speak Chinese idiom. We will non anticipate all the respondents to collaborate. Secondary Datas Secondary informations is of import for this survey. The research of the secondary informations will be attained through the assorted channels: Annual Report The one-year study of the Ocean Park will be searched. The study will supply the most accurate information on the invitees attending, current state of affairs and future development. Internet Search We will carry on the cyberspace hunt in order to happen the relevant articles, background and aims of the Ocean Park. Mention Books We will seek the mention books in libraries for roll uping the information of Ocean Park or relevant information. Newspapers Newspapers will be searched for roll uping the relevant articles and intelligence of the Ocean Park. Datas Analysis A assortment of informations and information will be attained through the observations, survey/personal interview and secondary beginnings research. The different features of the respondents, vitamin E, g, ages, businesss, instruction and topographic point of abode, the travel motives, the satisfactions and outlooks of the Ocean Park will be the major informations collected. The execution of the research and study will be analyzed by our squad members. The consequence of the analysis will demo the Mainland tourers willingness to revisit the Ocean Park. Besides, it will exemplify the way and aims of the current effectivity of the Ocean Park, and suggest the future way and constabularies of the park. A test tabular array of contents with chapter lineations Proposed tabular array of contents ( for undertaking 2 ) Introduction Description on the concern carry oning Current concern profile operation Background of the Ocean Park Statement of the job Purpose A ; part of the survey Scope A ; restrictions of the survey Methodologies /Data aggregation Primary informations Secondary informations Data analyze Identify the challenges of the Ocean Park SWOT analyzes for the Ocean Park Measure the selling mix of the Ocean Park Recommendation Decision Bibliography Appendixs Allotment of undertaking undertakings among group members Time agenda for the whole undertaking Questionnaire A brief bibliography Books Larsen, Michael. How to Write a Book Proposal, 3rd ed.. Cincinnati: Writer s Digest Books, 2003. Print. Marczyk, Geoffrey R. , et Al. Necessities of Research Design and Methodology. Hoboken: John Wiley A ; Sons, Inc, 2005. Print. Bradley, Nigel. Marketing Research: Tools and Techniques, 2nd ed.. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010. Print. Ott, R. Lyman and Longnecker, Micheal T.. An Introduction to Statistical Methods and Data Analysis. Belmont: Brooks/Cole, 2010. Print. Paul, Debra and Yeates, Donald. Business Analysis. Swindon: The British Computer Society, 2008. Print. Piercy, N.. Market-led strategic alteration, 3rd erectile dysfunction. London: Butterworth Heinemann, 2002. Print. ‘aˆ‘cs„? µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’iia?†°aacs„a†ºz?† Ã‚ ¶ , e ¦Ã¢â€ž ¢ : e-?e-?cs„a ¤Ã‚ © , 2006. a? °a? · . Internet Find a Travel Agent. Travel Industry Council of Hong Kong. 2010. Web. 4 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tichk.org/public/website/en/agents/index.html gt ; How to Write a Research Paper . Research Library. StatcPac Inc. , 2010. Web. 4 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.statpac.com/research-papers/research-proposal.htm [ Accessed 10 December 2010 gt ; Ocean Park Hong Kong. 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oceanpark.com.hk/html/en/home/ gt ; Ocean Park Hong Kong. Wikipedia. December 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ocean_Park_Hong_Kong gt ; Ocean Park Breaks Attendance Record Once Again . Press Release. Ocean Park Hong Kong, 25 June 2010. Web. 15 November 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.oceanpark.com.hk/html/en/footer/corporate-information/press/press.php? id=447 gt ; Redevelopment Plans for Ocean Park . Major Tourism Projects.Tourism Commission. 2009. Web. 15 November 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.tourism.gov.hk/english/current/current_oceanpark.html gt ; 510e? ¬a ¬?9.86a„„?†Ã‚ ¶c†ºS ? µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’a†¦?a †Ã‚ ¶a†¦?c ?c?ˆe?„ . AM730. 25 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.am730.com.hk/article.php? article=33463 [ Accessed 25 November 2010 gt ; a‘?a?†°eZ†° .  µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’?’?eea? «a °? . Yahoo?- °e?z . 25 March 2008. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hk.news.yahoo.com/article/080324/3/6iaa.html gt ;  µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’a ®?e†¡?a†°Ã‚ µ34aˆe «? eˆ?a?Sc‚?a†¦Ã‚ §a? °?-†¦a ®? . HKCD. 25 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.hkcd.com.hk/content/2010-11/25/content_2641258.htm gt ; ? µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’aa†°Ã‚ µa†¦?a ?a ¬?c?ˆe?„ . Oriental Daily. 26 June 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //orientaldaily.on.cc/cnt/news/20100626/00176_030.html gt ; ? µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’a†¦?a ?a ¬?aZ »ae?†510e? ¬ . Apple Daily. 14 November 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //hk.apple.nextmedia.com/realtime/art_main.php? iss_id=20101124 A ; sec_id=6996647 A ; art_id=14696302 gt ; ? µÃ‚ ·Ã¢â‚¬ ¹a†¦Ã‚ ¬a?’a†¦?a ?a ¬?a† ?e e «?a? ° aaa†¦Ã‚ §c ¬Ã‚ ¬a†¦Ã‚ ­? ¬?e-†¹a†°Ã‚ µ?- °c?ˆe?„ . entnM! a?†ºÃ¢â‚¬Å¡?- °e?ze†º?e . 25 June 2010. Web. 1 December 2010. lt ; hypertext transfer protocol: //www.entnewsmag.com/b5/index.php? option=com_content A ; view=article A ; id=2903:2010-06-25-09-38-41 amp ; catid=110:2009-07-02-15-03-25 A ; Itemid=481 gt ; Allotment of undertaking undertakings among group members P = Principle S = Support Kathy Janice Joe Victor Tommy Idea Discussion Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Finalize the Idea of Topic and Project Title Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Phosphorus Methodologies Primary Data Observations Phosphorus Second Second Second Second Questionnaire Second Phosphorus Second Second Second Behavior of Survey/Personal Interview Second Second Phosphorus Second Second Sampling Methods Second Second Second Phosphorus Secondary Datas: Annual Report Second Phosphorus Internet Search Second Phosphorus Mention Books Phosphorus Second Newspapers Second Phosphorus Datas Analyzing Second Second Phosphorus Contact with Company Phosphorus Second Company Interview Phosphorus Second Time Puting Second Phosphorus Research Plan Phosphorus Second Undertaking Proposal Phosphorus Second Cover page design Second Phosphorus PowerPoint Materials Second Phosphorus Group Members of Allotment of work Make the portion of the undertaking proposal: LAM Hiu Ying, Janice Collect all the information and analyse them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Scope and restriction, methodological analysiss Bibliography LEUNG Wai Chung, Joe Collect all the information and analyse them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Background Statement of job Bibliography WONG Kit Hung, Kathy Collect all the information and analyse them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Contented pages, Bibliography YIP Fuk Ming, Tommy Collect all the information and analyse them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. Cover page, Purpose and part of the survey Allotment of the undertaking tasks among group members Bibliography LEUNG King Lap, Victor Collect all the information and analyse them. Find information from the relevant books and web sites. A clip agenda

wife Realationship

In â€Å" the husband-wife relationship: variation in love, intimacy, and sexual jealousy. The article describes cross-cultural differences in how married couple’s act towards one another. In American culture, love is seen as the most important aspect of marriage, while in many other places, love is seen as an aspect of marriage that is not of great importance. The article mentions that in a recent worldwide study 88% of the world shows the capacity to love, whether in songs or folklore. Love is discouraged from being a strong reason for marriage because in many societies in three distinct conditions. The first condition is that the extended family is more concerned with how the person who married into the family interacts with the extended family than how the married couple gets along. The second condition is that one of the spouses must do the majority of the crop growing and subsistence, their purpose for the marriage, as opposed to love. The third condition is tha t in some societies men have more sexual freedom than women, discouraging love in favor of sexual rights. The article mentions that foraging societies have more intimate couples than herding societies. As far as sexual jealousy goes, it appears that men are more likely to become violent, and are more concerned with men they see as rivals for their mates. When reading this article we must remember to take into account cultural relativism. Not every culture is going to be like the one we live in, and this is evident when the article mentions that not every culture places a high value on love within marriages. A person who does not keep an open mind may assume that the people in cultures who do not marry for love are callous, uncaring people, without taking into account the huge part cultural relativism plays in understanding another culture. Also, we see how important the extended family is in determining how important love is within a marriage. These anthropo... wife Realationship Free Essays on The Husband/wife Realationship In â€Å" the husband-wife relationship: variation in love, intimacy, and sexual jealousy. The article describes cross-cultural differences in how married couple’s act towards one another. In American culture, love is seen as the most important aspect of marriage, while in many other places, love is seen as an aspect of marriage that is not of great importance. The article mentions that in a recent worldwide study 88% of the world shows the capacity to love, whether in songs or folklore. Love is discouraged from being a strong reason for marriage because in many societies in three distinct conditions. The first condition is that the extended family is more concerned with how the person who married into the family interacts with the extended family than how the married couple gets along. The second condition is that one of the spouses must do the majority of the crop growing and subsistence, their purpose for the marriage, as opposed to love. The third condition is tha t in some societies men have more sexual freedom than women, discouraging love in favor of sexual rights. The article mentions that foraging societies have more intimate couples than herding societies. As far as sexual jealousy goes, it appears that men are more likely to become violent, and are more concerned with men they see as rivals for their mates. When reading this article we must remember to take into account cultural relativism. Not every culture is going to be like the one we live in, and this is evident when the article mentions that not every culture places a high value on love within marriages. A person who does not keep an open mind may assume that the people in cultures who do not marry for love are callous, uncaring people, without taking into account the huge part cultural relativism plays in understanding another culture. Also, we see how important the extended family is in determining how important love is within a marriage. These anthropo...

How Depth of Knowledge Drives Learning and Assessment

How Depth of Knowledge Drives Learning and Assessment Depth of Knowledge- also referred to as DOK- refers to the depth of understanding required to answer or explain an assessment-related item or a classroom activity. The concept of depth of knowledge was developed in the 1990s through research by Norman L. Webb,  a scientist at the Wisconsin Center for Education Research. DOK Background Webb originally developed depth of knowledge for mathematics and science standards. However, the model has been expanded and used in language arts, mathematics, science, and history/social studies. His model has increasingly become more popular in state assessment circles. The complexity of an assessment task is increasingly more difficult because the level often increases requiring multiple steps to complete. Does this mean that learning and assessment should not include level 1 tasks? On the contrary, learning and assessment should include a diversified set of tasks requiring students to exhibit a range of problem-solving skills within each level of complexity.  Webb identified four distinct depth of knowledge levels. Level 1 Level 1 includes basic recall of facts, concepts, information, or procedures- the rote learning or memorization of facts- an essential component of learning. Without a strong foundation of basic knowledge, students find it difficult to perform more complex tasks. Mastering level 1 tasks builds a foundation allowing students to attempt to complete higher-level tasks successfully. An example of level 1 knowledge would be: Grover Cleveland was the 22nd president of the United States, serving from 1885 to 1889. Cleveland was also the 24th president from 1893 to 1897. Level 2 Level 2 depth of knowledge  includes skills and concepts such as the use of information (graphs) or solving problems that require two or more steps with decision points along the way. The foundation of level 2 is that it often requires multiple steps to solve. You must be able to take what is there and fill in certain gaps. Students cannot simply recall the answer though some prior knowledge, as is the case with level 1. Students must be able to explain how or why in level 2 items. An example of a level 2 DOK would be: Compare and contrast a composite, cinder cone, and shield volcano. Level 3 Level 3 DOK includes strategic thinking that requires reasoning and is abstract and complex. Students must analyze and evaluate complex real-world problems with predictable outcomes. They must be able to reason their way through the problem logically.  Level 3 questions often require students to pull from multiple subject areas using a range of skills to come up with a solution that works. An example would be: Write a persuasive essay, citing evidence from other sources such as text, to convince your school principal to allow students to have and use their cell phones in class. Level 4 Level 4 includes extended thinking such as an investigation or application to solve complex real-world problems with unpredictable outcomes. Students must strategically analyze, evaluate, and reflect over time often having to change their approach on their way to coming up with an amicable solution. An  example of this level of knowledge would be: Invent a new product or create a solution that solves a problem or helps make things easier for someone within the confines of your school. DOK in the Classroom Most classroom assessments consist of level 1 or level 2 type questions. Level 3 and 4 assessments are more complex to develop, and they are also more difficult for teachers to score.  Yet, students need to be exposed to a variety of tasks at differing levels of complexity to learn and grow. Level 3 and 4 activities are challenging in different ways for both students and teachers, but they also offer many benefits that level 1 and level 2 activities cannot provide. Teachers would be best served by using a balanced approach when deciding how to implement depth of knowledge into their classrooms.

Salesforce.com - community - ERP, CRM, Business Intelligence, and Essay

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Saponification of Triglycerides - Lab Report Example In this process the triglyceride is reacted with a strong base such as sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce glycerol and fatty acid salts (Whitten et al., 2007). The saponification of glyceryl tristearate is illustrated in Figure 1. The commonest soaps are the fatty-acid salts of sodium and potassium. Hard soaps are sodium salts while soft soaps are potassium salts. The fatty-acid salts of ammonium are also sometimes used for cleansing. Only a few other soaps are of practical importance, for example lead soaps which are used in medicinal plasters, zinc soaps which are used in ointments, and aluminum soaps which are used in waterproofing. Very few of the salts of fatty acids have the properties of common soap. Most of them are but slightly soluble in water, and therefore do not yield suds and have little or no detergent (i.e., cleansing) action. All are nevertheless termed soaps by chemists (Lewkowitsch, 1904). The saponification number (S) is the number of milligrams of potassium hydroxide required to convert one gram of the fat completely into glycerine and potassium soap. It gives information concerning the character of the fatty acids of the fat and in particular concerning the solubility of their soaps in water. Table 1 lists the saponification number of the common fats and oils. Table 1 shows that butter ranks with palm kernel oil and coconut oil as having a very high saponification number. ... Mutton tallow 192 - 195.5 Menhaden oil 190.6 Peanut oil (arachis) 190 - 196 Corn oil 188 - 193 Horse oil 195 - 197 Olive oil 185 - 196 Beef tallow 193.2 - 200 Soy bean oil 193 Palm oil 196 - 205 Cacao butter 193.55 Butter 220 - 233 Linseed oil 192 - 195 Palm kernel oil 242 - 250 Cottonseed oil 193 - 195 Coconut oil 246 - 260 Lard 195.4 (Lewkowitsch, 1904: 400) Table 1 shows that butter ranks with palm kernel oil and coconut oil as having a very high saponification number. This is due to the fact that its triglycerides contain appreciable quantities of fatty acids (myristic acid and small quantities of lauric acid) which when they form soap combine with relatively more sodium or potassium than the more common acids of fats. These acids occur in undecomposed butter in chemical combination as triglycerides. Their sodium or potassium soaps are quite soluble in water. The high saponification number of coconut oil and palm kernel oil is due to the large proportion of fatty acids (lauric acid and myristic acid) that they contain. In this laboratory exercise, saponification as the hydrolysis in basic solution of fats and oils to produce glycerol and salts of fatty acids, and determination of saponification number of sample fat and oil were evaluated. II. Method Triglyceride (2 g) was accurately weighed and was placed in a dry round bottom flask. The prepared ethanolic potassium hydroxide solution (50 cm3) was added to the flask using a pipette. Few anti bumping granules were added to the stirring solution. After setting up the reflux condenser, the solution was boiled for at least 30 minutes. A blank experiment with identical volume as the sample solution was also carried out. After refluxing, the solution was allowed to cool. After cooling, a few drops of

Fairy Tail Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fairy Tail Analysis - Essay Example And yet, according to author Anna Altmann, other women are not given a chance to mature into responsible adults who can handle their problems, and constantly have to rely on a male character for their survival. In fact, there is an argument that, for a very long time, fairy tales have focused much attention on patriarchal domination and female submission to the man (Altmann 23). In this case study of stepmother in â€Å"Snow White† and the witch in the â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† women are drawn as having cruel and wicked attitudes. . In the male dominated world, it is unfortunate that women could not afford the ability to unite and fight their common enemy – man. This domination tarnishes what it is to be a woman and severely limits not only the ability to be perceived as a heroine, but also the ability to have a positive and meaningful place in society. According to Jerome Griswold in his work on â€Å"Beauty and the Beast,† women have an incredibly wick ed character (15). This attribute can be seen in the beginning of his work when he states that, among the three daughters, the youngest happens to be the most beautiful among them all. This fact makes the two sisters develop hatred for their sister just because of her unwarranted supposedly appealing looks. The two sisters end up being devalued due to their looks, and as a result, scheme to destroy their more beautiful sister. Griswold describes these two sisters as egoistic individuals who have no hope of a better future free of grudges (39). Furthermore, despite the good nature of Beauty, it does not change the fact that her sisters hate her. Later on in the plot, the theme of women being evil is brought out more vividly. The two sisters scheme to destroy the well-nurtured relationship between Beauty and the Beast. It is amazing how they make Beauty remain at home longer than the stipulated one week agreed upon by the Beast and Beauty. Griswold notes that the sisters are very disg usted with the thought of supposed marriage between their sister and the Beast (56). The most astounding thing is how blood sisters would go to the extent of being jealous of someone in the same family! A more flamboyant picture of women being evil is created when punishment is administered to the wicked sisters. As the story wraps up, the two sisters are turned into statues and are to remain so until they confess all the harms they have caused to the family. This is in juxtaposition to their younger sister, Beauty, who is composed and forgiving and does not desire material benefits, a remarkable display of maturity that is rewarded with a happy life with her Beast. â€Å"Snow White† is yet another fairy tale that brings out the wicked nature of women in the general public via her relationship with her stepmother. Stone argues that despite the wishes of Snow White’s mother to have a beautiful daughter- with white teeth resembling snow, dark hair like the ebony and red lips, her step mother, the queen, is riddled with envy (57). The evil and wicked nature of the queen clouds her thinking and renders her unable to think of anything but ways to destroy Snow White so the wicked queen can, once again, be the fairest in the land. The conclusion of the story has the stepmother attending Snow White’s wedding to the prince. Here, even the pure Snow White might be perceived as cruel for condemning the wicked queen dance to her death in red hot iron shoes. In conclusion, Maria Tatar

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management Essay

CASE ASSIGNMENT MODULE 5 Performance Management - Essay Example Performance of employees is clearly impacted by the performance management systems used within a company. These systems also help the human resources team to deal with various opportunities and also help in developing new career options and growth levels likewise. A well planned and implemented system can prove to be the success factor for the business (Armstrong and Baron). Performance management systems help in developing the competencies of the workforce as well as help in identifying the week areas of the employees. This can be used as a method to overcome the weaknesses of the employees and to develop them to become good in the particular area (Smither). Also the performance management systems help in continuous monitoring and help in better overall performance of the employees. Considering an China – US Joint venture, the main area that needs to be considered is the need for constant monitoring. Here the company needs to ensure that all employees are monitored constantly , to help gain the best results. Managing performance can be a result of many difference methods like training and development, mentoring, management of stress, competitive assessments and also ideas like performance appraisals (FSA). When there is a joint venture, it is important to ensure that the cultural differences are kept in mind while developing the performance management systems. The basis for a successful performance management system is effective communication of the goals and responsibilities both to the employees as well as to the managing individuals within the company. If the employees are clear about their role, and the part they play within a company, the contribution will be accordingly and will help in keeping up to the expected performance as well (Rollo). The second crucial stage here is the monitoring of the individuals and to ensure that the business performance is also well tracked and focused upon (Daniels and Daniels). Monitoring the business and the indivi duals within the company helps the managers and top management provide constructive feedback to the employees and also constantly requires the managers to reinstate the main goals and objectives of the company (Paladino). Here the management can lay down the expectations of the organisation effectively and provide the employees with a clear path of their duties. This is crucial especially in a multi cultural organisation as it helps in healthier working condition and better performance as a whole. Finally, it is crucial to implement a fair rewarding structure for the employees of China as well as the US organisations and here the actual performance of the employees needs to be considered while providing both monetary as well as non monetary benefits (FSA). The above mentioned points will benefit the overall implementation of the performance management systems and these will allow developing an effective system (Smither). Here in this case, since the joint venture is between two inte rnational firms, hence, there are a number of international considerations that also need to be addressed while developing and implementing the performance management systems (Daniels and Daniels). Of these, the first and foremost factor that needs consideration is the cultural differences. Here it is important to take this into account as people from different cultures work

Fairy Tail Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fairy Tail Analysis - Essay Example And yet, according to author Anna Altmann, other women are not given a chance to mature into responsible adults who can handle their problems, and constantly have to rely on a male character for their survival. In fact, there is an argument that, for a very long time, fairy tales have focused much attention on patriarchal domination and female submission to the man (Altmann 23). In this case study of stepmother in â€Å"Snow White† and the witch in the â€Å"Beauty and the Beast† women are drawn as having cruel and wicked attitudes. . In the male dominated world, it is unfortunate that women could not afford the ability to unite and fight their common enemy – man. This domination tarnishes what it is to be a woman and severely limits not only the ability to be perceived as a heroine, but also the ability to have a positive and meaningful place in society. According to Jerome Griswold in his work on â€Å"Beauty and the Beast,† women have an incredibly wick ed character (15). This attribute can be seen in the beginning of his work when he states that, among the three daughters, the youngest happens to be the most beautiful among them all. This fact makes the two sisters develop hatred for their sister just because of her unwarranted supposedly appealing looks. The two sisters end up being devalued due to their looks, and as a result, scheme to destroy their more beautiful sister. Griswold describes these two sisters as egoistic individuals who have no hope of a better future free of grudges (39). Furthermore, despite the good nature of Beauty, it does not change the fact that her sisters hate her. Later on in the plot, the theme of women being evil is brought out more vividly. The two sisters scheme to destroy the well-nurtured relationship between Beauty and the Beast. It is amazing how they make Beauty remain at home longer than the stipulated one week agreed upon by the Beast and Beauty. Griswold notes that the sisters are very disg usted with the thought of supposed marriage between their sister and the Beast (56). The most astounding thing is how blood sisters would go to the extent of being jealous of someone in the same family! A more flamboyant picture of women being evil is created when punishment is administered to the wicked sisters. As the story wraps up, the two sisters are turned into statues and are to remain so until they confess all the harms they have caused to the family. This is in juxtaposition to their younger sister, Beauty, who is composed and forgiving and does not desire material benefits, a remarkable display of maturity that is rewarded with a happy life with her Beast. â€Å"Snow White† is yet another fairy tale that brings out the wicked nature of women in the general public via her relationship with her stepmother. Stone argues that despite the wishes of Snow White’s mother to have a beautiful daughter- with white teeth resembling snow, dark hair like the ebony and red lips, her step mother, the queen, is riddled with envy (57). The evil and wicked nature of the queen clouds her thinking and renders her unable to think of anything but ways to destroy Snow White so the wicked queen can, once again, be the fairest in the land. The conclusion of the story has the stepmother attending Snow White’s wedding to the prince. Here, even the pure Snow White might be perceived as cruel for condemning the wicked queen dance to her death in red hot iron shoes. In conclusion, Maria Tatar

Assignment 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 10

Assignment 3 - Essay Example Matters or issues concerning dark energy are normally speculative in nature. The evidence for the existence of the dark energy arises from three major independent sources. Therefore, these sources lead us to our three major hypotheses on dark energy: distance measurements through the red shift, explains the universe has expanded during its last half life; the theoretical requirements for extra energy type that is not matter and dark matter, to form the observationally flat universe; and it can be identified through the large scale measurement of wave patterns with mass density. Dark energy is believed to be homogeneous and not very dense; it interacts with other universal forces; apart for gravitational force. These theories hypothesize formation of galaxies or cluster of galaxies; Cold Dark Matter aspect of cosmology describes that clustering and also merging processes enables galaxies to gain mass and determine shape and structure. One theory explains the ‘top down’ galaxies formation aspect. The disk galaxies are created through monolithic collapse of the large gas cloud. In the process of cloud collapse; gas settles in a highly rotating disk. This explanation is very simple; but no longer accepted (Schechner 297). The bottom up galaxy formation theory demonstrates that galaxies are formed through coalescing involving smaller progenitors; smaller particles merge and form larger or big particles. The dark matter halos cluster during the bottom up process. The age of the Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years. This age was approximated using radiometric system of dating; using meteorite materials. There is a hypothesis that accretion of the Earth soon started after formation of calcium-aluminum rich materials and meteorites. However; simpler explanations can indicate that the age of the Earth is millions

The ways neurons function helps Essay Example for Free

The ways neurons function helps Essay Typically, this type of stimulus-response reflexive action involves a collection of neurons initiating and provoking responses across synaptic junctions into other neurons. Synaptic inter-neuronal communication has illuminated behavioural knowledge as malfunction at the synapse is thought to underlie psychological disorders such as mood disturbance (Toates, 2007). Electrical signals arriving at the synaptic cleft trigger the release of stored neurotransmitters which operate as chemical messengers advancing neuronal impulses towards the target neuron. Target neuron receptors are specific to particular neurotransmitters thereby prohibiting erroneous stimulation of any neighbouring neurons. Once occupied, the neurotransmitter effectuates either an excitatory or inhibitory response in the post-synaptic neuron thus achieving a chemical bridge to conduct electrical impulses translated from stimuli. The biological perspective assumes that neuronal activity forms the biological infrastructure for psychological experiences such as emotions and moods thus alterations to the neural system, particularly synaptic activity has the ability to alter behaviour and mood. Through manipulation of the specific properties of neurotransmitter release, availability and deactivation, medical therapies have been advanced. For example, diminished serotonin has been implicated in attention and mood disorders and delaying the re-absorption or re-uptake into the releasing neuron favours alleviation of depressive symptoms. The anti-depressive agent Prozac, capitalises on this process by selectively targeting seretonergic synapses to block serotonin reuptake, which results in increased bio-availability of serotonin and improved mood (Toates, 2007). The full range of human behaviour is more comprehensive than simple reflexive actions or low mood but the relevance of understanding neuronal function at a singular level becomes clear when the billions of individual neurons that make up the brain and combine to create the neural systems responsible for particular roles are considered. For example, invasive investigations in animal models have allowed researchers to isolate the receptive fields of specific neurons in the visual system permitting hemispheric and brain lobe functionality mapping. Comprehension in functional responsibility of brain lobes has translated into evidence supporting biological links with psychological experiences such as memory. Penfield and Rasmussen discovered that surgical patients disclosed vivid historical memories during electrical stimulation of the temporal lobe (as cited in Toates, 2007) and electrical stimulation can now be administered through permanent implants in specific areas of the brain for relief of chronic pain. Alteration of the neural sequence is achieved by either reducing activity in pain related neurons or increasing electrical activity in neurons associated with positive emotions (Toates, 2007). Further supporting evidence for biological influence over behaviour is found in incidents of extensive brain damage resulting in significant alterations to temperament with famous examples such as Phineas Gage enlightening aspects of behavioural science. Surviving an industrial accident that involved prefrontal lobe damage, Gage exhibited little deterioration to intellectual and linguistic abilities but marked transformations in personality, previously considered out of character. Thus, whilst the brain and nervous system exhibit remarkable properties of functional continuation despite insult, focal damage, in this case to the region responsible for inhibition of emotional expression can produce pronounced effects on behaviour lending support to a biological explanation for some aspects of behaviour. Evidence from diseased and damaged brains provides support for biological perspectives ascribing behaviour through physiology but some aspects of human behaviour do not portray a clear uni-directionality of effect. Whilst the efficacy and mode of action of pharmaceutical agents such as Prozac implicate neuro-chemical involvement in depression, patient response is distinctively individual and Anisman and Zacharko demonstrated that external factors such as stress could contribute to the development of depression in individuals with little biological pre-disposition (as cited in Toates, 2007, p. 278). Even the mitigation of pain has been shown by Wall to be contingent on anticipation of relief in patients administered inert substances rather than Morphine (as cited in Toates, 2007, p. 261). It would appear that individual beliefs and attitudes can be as important to outcomes as bio-chemical engineering. Research at a biological level augments understanding of human behaviour and has importantly led to treatments and remedies for some conditions through modification to neural function. However, an exclusively reductionist approach appears insufficient in the face of evidence highlighting the reciprocal effect of social, environmental and experiential factors.

Prisoners Plight in Platos Cave Allegory

Prisoners Plight in Platos Cave Allegory Through the interactive oral, I learned about the prisoners plight in Platos cave allegory. In the allegory, there are prisoners, chained, and facing a wall with a fire behind them. Objects are held up, casting shadows on the walls. The prisoners are only able to see the projected shadows; therefore, the prisoners could mistake these shadows for reality. If a prisoner were to be released and leave the cave, they would be blinded by the light and realize their error. A recurring motif in Sophocles Oedipus the King is sight and blindness and this motif is revealed as the prisoners in the allegory are mirrored by the characters during their journey to enlightenment. Firstly, Tiresias, in relation to Platos cave allegory, is the individual outside of the cave who is all- knowing, understanding the falsity of what the prisoners perceive. His knowledge of the truth is clear as it is Tiresias who reveals Oedipus crimes to him, setting him off on a journey of self- discovery; however, Oedipus hubris enables him from realizing the entire truth. Another character seen as a prisoner in the cave allegory is Jocasta, who experiences life both inside and outside of the cave. When she is inside the cave, she lacks the vision and insight to see Oedipus true identity. However, once free, she is no longer blind; therefore, she realizes that she has not thwarted fate, but has fulfilled it by bedding her son, who is also her husband. Upon reflection, it can be seen that for Jocasta, ignorance is bliss; she would rather deceive herself and believe in an illusion, than live with the truth. The allegory can also apply to Oedipus who, like Jocasta, has spent most of his lifetime inside the cave. Though given a glimpse of reality by Tiresias, his tragic flaw, his pride, prevents him from understanding the entire truth. Ultimately, Oedipus realizes the truth, but his realization leads to his metaphorical demise as he blinds himself. In this way, Oedipus is forced to live in darkness though he knows the truth and is outside the cave. Considering the interactive oral, my understanding of the characters struggle of sight and blindness was further developed as the motif is illustrated through the prisoners in Platos cave allegory and depicted by different characters in Sophocles Oedipus the King. The Inevitability of Truth Sophocles was an Ancient Greek writer whose works are considered as classics to this day. His tragedies offer insight into the social and political condition of Ancient Greek and often have deep, underlying messages. In one of his best known tragedies, Oedipus the King, Sophocles uses the motif of sight and blindness as a metaphor for insight and knowledge. While the physically blind prophet Tiresias is the only character who has insight, the protagonist, Oedipus, is blind to the fact that he has already fallen into his fate. Likewise, Jocasta, the wife of Oedipus, is metaphorically blind to the truth and willing to live in ignorance rather than knowing the truth. Regardless of willingness to accept the truth, Tiresias, Jocasta, and Oedipus ultimately achieve sight which represents knowledge of the truth, paralleling the inevitability of fate. Though physically blind, Tiresias has far more insight and knowledge than the other characters, even knowing the truth about Oedipus identity. When Oedipus arrives in Corinth, Tiresias recognizes him and refuses to reveal the truth, knowing that truth is harsh. Only when Oedipus mocks him, Tiresias suggests that Oedipus himself is Laius murderer and the subject of the prophecy. TIRESIAS: That man, I say, is here: a stranger in our midst, they thought, but in a moment you shall see him openly displayed a Theban born, and shattered by the honor. Blind instead of seeing, beggar instead of rich, hell grope his way in foreign parts, tapping out his war with stick in hand. (Sophocles 26) Despite his blindness, Tiresias is not afraid of Oedipus because he knows the truth. Therefore, he holds an advantage over Oedipus and offers hints about the man he seeks, clearly stating that man is here. Though Oedipus has insulted Tiresias, he is unwilling to reveal the harsh reality. Instead, he leaves Oedipus with an ironic riddle in which he refers to Oedipus as a stranger in our midst since Oedipus is a stranger to himself; he does not know he is the man whom he so desperately seeks. Furthermore, Tiresias claims Oedipus will be able to see this stranger, which is also ironic since Oedipus, who can physically see at the moment, is unable to recognize the truth behind Tiresias message. Finally, he foreshadows Oedipus future as a poor, blind man; in this way, Tiresias directly refers to Oedipus peripeteia, the reversal of his situation. Therefore, Tiresias metaphorical sight allows him to recognize fate and its working, unlike Oedipus whose pride blinds him to his fate. Like Oedipus, Jocasta can see physically, but is a victim of metaphorical blindness and is willing to live a life of ignorance rather than live with the truth. Jocasta, too, receives hints of Oedipus reality throughout the play, but deliberately attempts to ignore them, choosing ignorance over truth. When Jocasta realizes the truth before Oedipus, she begs him to stop his pursuit in order to prevent future pain. JOCASTA: Yet be persuaded, please. Do not proceed. OEDIPUS: Persuaded from the truth? Pursuing it? I must. JOCASTA: God help you, Oedipus! Hide it from you who you are. (Sophocles 59) Learning the truth about Oedipus identity devastates Jocasta as she begs Oedipus in a frantic and desperate tone. Her despair is further established as she even pleads to God to help Oedipus; this is a bitter concession of her belief in the power of the gods over chance. Ironically, prior to Jocastas revelation of the truth, she was a strong believer in chance and mocked the gods, clearly rejecting the oracles sayings. Once she has achieved metaphorical sight, she has no choice but to acknowledge the power of the gods; however, the truth pains Jocasta and she wishes to revert to her old life of ignorance as seen in her attempt to dissuade Oedipus in his own journey to uncover the truth. She desperately begs Oedipus to hide from the reality of his identity. By hiding from his own self and the truth of his identity, Oedipus would be concealed from the knowledge of the bleak and bitter truth that he is the murderer of Laius who wed his own mother; his sight would be concealed and the tr uth would be prevented from being discovered. Therefore, knowing that the truth is harsh, Jocasta reveals her own wishes to live in ignorance rather than truth. Jocastas recognition of the truth points to the power of fate as she tries to prevent the truth from coming into the light, denying the veracity of oracle, which is ultimately all in vain and useless to the power of fate. Contrary to Tiresias, Oedipus has the ability to see physically; however, his fatal flaw shadows his ability to see the truth, which ultimately leads to his downfall. In his attempt to discover the truth about the murder of Laius, he seeks Tiresias. After being insulted and mocked, Tiresias reveals hints about the truth Oedipus is blind to: TIRESIAS: I say, the murderer of the man whose murder you pursue is you. TIRESIAS: I say that you and your most dearly loved are wrapped together in a hideous sin, blind to the horror of it. OEDIPUS: You think you can go babbling unscathed? TIRESIAS: Unscathed indeed, if truth is strength. OEDIPUS: It is. But not for you, you purblind man: in ears and mind and vision. (Sophocles 21) Despite the hints, Oedipus interprets Tiresias words as attacks of retaliation and cannot see past his own pride; he is unable to see the truth even though it is laid in front of him. Though Tiresias declares two truths, directly referring to Oedipus by using the words I say, you, Oedipus simply disregards the repetition of Tiresias declarations and essentially his pride blinds him from realizing the truth of Tiresias words that are so barely laid out in front of him. Furthermore, Oedipus goes on to mock Tiresias physical blindness, which is ironic given that it is in fact Oedipus who is blind to the truth despite his ability to see physically. Therefore, Tiresias is Oedipus only hope of knowing the truth; however, it is Oedipus own pride that prevents him from accepting the hints of truth. Since Oedipus had many opportunities to recognize the truth earlier and avoid his fate, his inability to detect these hints due to his fatal flaw makes his downfall even harsher. The skills and strengths that allow Oedipus to achieve status and glory also drive Oedipus to his destruction; therefore, his strengths also play as his weaknesses and lead to both his rise and ultimate downfall. Although many associated with Oedipus, including his parents, attempt to prevent fate, it is Oedipus true lack of knowledge caused by his pride, which leads to his downfall. When Oedipus discovers the truth, he gouges out his eyes, physically blinding himself from the reality. After learning about the harsh reality, he exclaims, How terrible- to see the truth when the truth is only pain to him who sees! (Sophocles 154).ÂÂ   Through this act, Oedipus makes a transition from metaphorical blindness to insight by physically blinding himself. Now that Oedipus is fully aware he has fulfilled the prophecy he tried so desperately to avoid, he becomes overwhelmed by the physical light in which he was metaphorically blind and seeks refuge in the dark. Since he is unable to handle reality, he chooses to live in physical darkness which allows him to reflect on his actions in an attempt to absolve his guilt. This act can also be seen as a way for Oedipus to punish himself, perhaps reducing his guilt and pain. Now aware of the reality, Oedipus acknowledges that along his journey, there were many truths laid out in front of him, but he was unable to recognize them. In this way, he realizes that the truth is only painful to the one who can see it. Ironically, in the end, Oedipus becomes physically what he has always metaphorically been: blind. Therefore, it is Oedipus own fatal flaw that blinds him from the truth and ultimately causes his downfall. Thus, by the end of the play, Tiresias, Jocasta, and Oedipus are fully aware of the truth, though it is too late to reverse or manipulate any of fates doings. Tiresias, who possesses the ability to see the truth, is physically blind and taken lightly by the other characters who fail to heed his warnings and recognize the truth laid barely in front of them. Despite Jocastas rejection of the oracles message and Oedipus decision to ignore the oracles words due to metaphorical blindness, the predictions become truth by the end of the play. Therefore, the opportunities to avoid or change fate depend on the ability to understand and see the truth. It is only if these opportunities are taken that fate can be manipulated; otherwise, fate will continue in motion.