Cop in the Hood Essay Example

Cop in the Hood Essay Example Cop in the Hood Paper Cop in the Hood Paper Setareh Salehi Cop in the Hood Peter Moskos‘, Cop in The Hood, is the story of a sociologist going native by going through the Baltimore police academy, becoming a cop and working for over a year. The book follows Moskos chronological journey, from the academy to the street and the last part of the book is dedicated to a pretty thorough analysis of the War on Drugs. The first interesting observation from Moskos’s work is his analysis of the police academy as relatively useless for the job: â€Å"So what’s the point of the academy? Primarily, it’s to protect the department from the legal liability that could result from negligent training. To the trainees this appears more important than educating police officers. † And second, despite the lax approach toward academics, instructors were very concerned with officer safety, the aspect of the job they emphasized most: â€Å"The most important part of your job is that you go home. Everything else is secondary. † This philosophy is reinforced at all levels of the police organization. Formal and informal rules concerning officer safety are propagated simultaneously. By the end of the academy, less than half the class saw a relation between what police learn in the academy and what police need to know on the street. A strong antimedia attitude, little changed from sociologist William Westley’s observations in the 1950s, grew steadily in the police academy. At the end of training, just 10 percent of trainees believed that the media treat police fairly. After six months in the academy, trainees learn to: * Respect the chain of command and their place on the bottom of that chain. Sprinkle â€Å"sir† and â€Å"ma’am† into casual conversation. * Salute. * Follow orders. * March in formation. * Stay out of trouble. * Stay awake. * Be on time. * Shine shoes. † But Moskos’s conclusion is that the training actually demoralizes trainees even before they start working on the streets. Physical training is not boot camp and provides a poor preparation (after all, most officers will spend their days in their patrol car) , and academic training does not really impart knowledge and does not encourage thinking. Once training is over, the bulk of the book follows Moskos on the beat, on the Eastern side of Baltimore and the constant contradictory demands placed on officers (between following a very strict military-style chain of command and having to make quick decisions). In that sense, the book is also a good study of the necessity of developing informal rules in in highly formal, bureaucratic environments. Working around the rules is the only way to keep the work manageable and within the limits of efficiency and sanity. But for Moskos, the gap between formal and informal norms is especially wide in policing. They constantly have to innovate while on patrol because the rules do not work on the streets (of course, some officers do lapse into ritualism especially in a context where protecting one’s pension is the concern all officers have and that guides their behavior on the street). These informal rules are constantly at work whether it comes to stopping, frisking, searching, arresting, writing reports. In all of these aspects of the job, covering one’s butt and protecting one’s life and pension are paramount concerns. This means that officers actually have quite a bit of leeway and flexibility when it comes to their job. These  informal  norms are described in details in Moskos’s book and there is no underestimating their importance. Once on the streets, police officers mix a culture of poverty approach to â€Å"these people† (the communities they are expected to police, where gangs and drugs culture produce poverty with quite a bit of eliminationist rhetoric that reveals an in-group / out-group mentality between police officers and civilians: â€Å"A black officer proposed similar ends through different means. â€Å"If it were up to me,† he said, â€Å"I’d build big walls and just flood the place, biblical-like. Flood the place and start afresh. I think that’s all you can do. † When I asked this officer how his belief that the entire area should be flooded differed from the attitudes of white police, he responded, â€Å"Naw, I’m not like that because I’d let the good people build an ark and float out. Old people, working people, line ’em up, two by two. White cops will be standing on the walls with big poles pushing people back in. † The painful universal truth of this officer’s beliefs came back to me in stark relief during the flooding and destruction of New Orleans, Louisiana. Police in some neighboring communities prevented displaced black residents from leaving the disaster area, turning them away with blockades and guns. † That in-group / out-group outlook also involves dehumanization and stigmatization: â€Å"In the ghetto, police and the public have a general mutual desire to avoid interaction. The sociologist Ervin Goffman wrote, â€Å"One avoids a person of high status out of deference to him and avoids a person of lower status . . . out of a self-protective concern. † Goffman was concerned with the stigma of race, but in the ghetto, stigma revolves around the â€Å"pollution† associated with drugs. Police use words like â€Å"filthy,† â€Å"rank,† â€Å"smelly,† or â€Å"nasty† to describe literal filth, which abounds in the Eastern District. The word â€Å"dirty† is used to describe the figurative filth of a drug addict. It is, in the drug-related sense, the opposite of being clean. † The â€Å"dope fiend† becomes the loathed representative figure of all this. But the dehumanization applies equally to them and the dealers. In that sense, there is no sympathy for the people who have to live in these communities and have nothing to do with the drug trade. They are put in the same bag. And whatever idea of public service trainees might start with tends to disappear after a year on the streets. And quite a bit of what goes on in the streets between police and population has a lot to do with forcing respect and maintaining control of the interaction: â€Å"Although it is legally questionable, police officers almost always have something they can use to lock up somebody, â€Å"just because. † New York City police use â€Å"disorderly conduct. † In Baltimore it is loitering. In high-drug areas, minor arrests are very common, but rarely prosecuted. Loitering arrests usually do not articulate the legally required â€Å"obstruction of passage. † But the point of loitering arrests is not to convict people of the misdemeanor. By any definition, loitering is abated by arrest. These lockups are used by police to assert authority or get criminals off the street. † And, of course, the drug dealers also know the rules and become  skillful  at working around them, avoiding arrest, challenging the police authority and have structured their trade accordingly. It would indeed be a mistake to look at this illegal and informal economy as anything but a trade structured around specific rules hat take into account having to deal with the police and the different statuses of the actors involved in the trade reflect that: * lookouts have the simplest job: alert everyone else of police approach, * steerers promote the product, * moneymen obviously hold the money for the transactions, * slingers distribute the drugs after money has been exchanged * and gunmen protect the trade. The transaction is therefore completely decomposed into steps where money and drugs are never handled by the same person while the main dealers watch things from afar, protecting themselves from legal liabilities. For most of these positions, the pay is not much better than fast-food joints, but that is pretty much all there is in these  urban  areas. Of course, just like everything in the US, there is a racial component to this. The drug trade is not a â€Å"black thing† (like mac and cheese as Pat Robertson would say) and it has its dependency theory taste: â€Å"The archetypal white addict is employed, comes with a friend, drives a beat-up car from a nearby blue-collar neighborhood or suburb such as Highlandtown or Dundalk, and may have a local black drug addict in the backseat of the car. A black police officer who grew up in the Eastern District explained the local’s presence, â€Å"White people won’t buy drugs alone because they’re afraid to get out of the car and approach a drug dealer. They’ll have some black junkie with them. † The local resident serves as a sort of freelance guide, providing insurance against getting â€Å"burned† or robbed. The local addict is paid informally, most often taking a cut of the drugs purchased. † The complete mistrust between the police and the community is also a trademark of impoverished urban environments. And indeed, what would residents gain by interacting with law enforcement and the court system? At the same time, police work is arrest-based (the more the better) which officers all understand to be futile. For Moskos, part of the problem with policing was the advent of policing-by-patrol-car: â€Å"The advent of patrol cars, telephones, two-way radios, â€Å"scientific† police management, social migration, and social science theories on the â€Å"causes† of crime converged in the late 1950s. Before then, police had generally followed a â€Å"watchman† approach: each patrol officer was given the responsibility to police a geographic area. 5In the decades after World War II, motorized car patrol replaced foot patrol as the standard method of policing. Improved technology allowed citizens to call police and have their complaints dispatched to police through two-way radios in squad cars. Car patrol was promoted over foot patrol as a cost-saving move justified by increased â€Å"efficiency. 6 Those who viewed police as provocative and hostile to the public applauded reduced police presence and discretion. Controlled by the central dispatch, police could respond to the desires of the community rather than enforce their own â€Å"arbitrary† concepts of â€Å"acceptable† behavior. Police officers, for their part, enjoyed the comforts of the automobile and the prestige associated with new technology. Citizens, rather than being encouraged to maintain communi ty standards, were urged to stay behind locked doors and call 911. Car patrol eliminated the neighborhood police officer. Police were pulled off neighborhood beats to fill cars. But motorized patrol- the cornerstone of urban policing- has no effect on crime rates, victimization, or public satisfaction. † This has encouraged a detachment of officers from the communities they police. Quick response time becomes the goal and officers spend time in their car waiting to be â€Å"activated† on 911 calls. The only interaction between officers and residents is limited to such 911 call responses, which can all potentially lead to confrontations. But that is still the way policing is done and the way it is taught at the academies, guided by the three â€Å"R†s: * Random patrol: give the illusion of omnipresence by changing patrol patterns * Rapid response: act quickly, catch the criminals (doesn’t work) * Reactive investigation: solve crimes rather than prevent them But the institutional context very poorly accounts for the interaction rituals that guide the interaction between officers and residents: â€Å"Police officers usually know whether a group of suspects is actively, occasionally, or never involved with selling drugs. Some residents, often elderly, believe that all youths, particularly those who present themselves as â€Å"thug† or â€Å"ghetto,† are involved with drug dealing. If police respond to a call for a group of people known not to be criminals, police will approach politely. If the group seems honestly surprised to see the police, they may be given some presumption of innocence. An officer could ask if everything is all right or if the group knows any reason why the police would have been called. If the suspects are unknown to a police officer, the group’s response to police attention is used as the primary clue. Even with a presumption of guilt, a group that walks away without being prompted will generally be allowed to disperse. If a group of suspects challenges police authority through language or demeanor, the officer is compelled to act. This interaction is so ritualized that it resembles a dance. If temporary dispersal of a group is the goal, the mere arrival of a patrol car should be all that is needed. Every additional step, from stopping the car to exiting the car to questioning people on the street, known as a â€Å"field interview,† is a form of escalation on the part of the police officer. Aware of the symbolism and ritual of such actions, police establish a pattern in which a desired outcome is achieved quickly, easily, and with a minimum of direct confrontation. Rarely is there any long-term impact. When a police officer slows his or her car down in front of the individuals, the suspects know the officer is there for them and not just passing through on the way to other business. If a group of suspects does not disperse when an officer â€Å"rolls up,† the officer will stop the car and stare at the group. A group may ignore the officer’s look or engage the officer in a stare-off, known in police parlance as â€Å"eye fucking. † This officer’s stare serves the dual purpose of scanning for contraband and weapons and simultaneously declaring dominance over turf. An officer will initiate, often aggressively, conversation from the car and ask where the suspects live and if they have any identification. Without proof of residence, the suspects will be told to leave and threatened with arrest. If the group remains or reconvenes, they are subject to a loitering arrest. Police officers always assert their right to control public space. Every drug call to which police respond- indeed all police dealings with social or criminal misbehavior- will result in the suspect’s arrest, departure, or deference. † And a great deal of these interactions are also guided by the need, on both sides, to not lose face, be seen as weak or easily punked. These interactional factors may often determine whether an officer gets out of his car or not, sometimes triggering contempt from the residents. So, officers tend to like car patrols as opposed to foot patrols which are tiring, leave one vulnerable to the elements, and potentially preventing crime. Rapid response is easier and more popular with officers. People commit crimes, you get there fast, you arrest them. Overall, Moskos advocates for greater police discretion and more focus on quality of life issues as opposed to rapid response while acknowledging that this is not without problems. I don’t think there ever was a time of policing where communities and law enforcement worked harmoniously together for the greater good. But the bottom line, for Moskos, that the current War on Drugs is a massive failure and a waste of resources (and Moskos does go into some details of the history of drug policies and enforcement in the US, a useful reminder of the racialization of public policy) and should be replaced by a variety of policies (not all drugs are the same) with three goes in mind: * preservation of life (current policies increase the dangerous nature of drugs) * reduce incarceration save money (through reduced incarceration, depenalization and taxation). I think that the poor economy is to blame for drug dealing to be the main source of income for the residence. I believe if the city spent the money it spends on arrests and prosecutions on creating a better environment instead, then the problems would dramatically decrease. If there were after school programs or recreational facilities where the entire community could benefit from, the level of drug sales and abuse would drop. If there were new businesses created in the city, people wouldn’t turn to selling drugs or at least the majority would turn away from the drug dealing business. I also think that if drugs were legal and the residents wouldn’t get arrested for having a small amount of drugs, the relationship between cops and residents would improve.

Critical analysis based on movie Jesus Camp Essay

Critical analysis based on movie Jesus Camp - Essay Example She brings a religious tract over to a suddenly befuddled blond, telling her "Hi, um, God's just telling me that you're on his mind and he just wants to take you and he just wants to love on you and he has special plans for your life." As the blond responds with a kind, yet confused "thank you," Rachael is congratulated by her mentor for listening to the voice of God and bravely sharing her love for Jesus with a lost soul. A weeping Tory, after a particularly emotional meeting, holds the microphone feebly as she cries with all the strength in her heart "I just pray for a change over our nation," illustrating the hidden political agenda with which she has been indoctrinated. At one point in the film, as the religious world crosses into the political realm, Levi states, "America is supposed to be God's nation." Pastor Becky claims that she "can go into a playground of kids that don't know anything about Christianity, lead them to the Lord in a matter of no time at all, and just moments later make them be seeing visions and hearing the voice of God." On all levels she appears to sincerely believe in her mission, though statements such as "They're so usable in Christianity" point to the frightening view of a larger "army of the Lord." She tells children that in the old days (under the Laws of God) "Harry Potter would've been put to death," a rousing call for exclusion, especially a few scenes later when several children tell another child that he resembles Harry Potter. In one scene she has the children "pray over" a cardboard cutout of George W. Bush, who is lionized in parts of the film. Michael Papantonio, who is the first person introduced...A weeping Tory, after a particularly emotional meeting, holds the microphone feebly as she cries with all the strength in her heart â€Å"I just pray for a change in our nation,† illustrating the hidden political agenda with which she has been indoctrinated. At one point in the film, as the religious world crosses into the political realm, Levi states, â€Å"America is supposed to be God’s nation.† Pastor Becky claims that she â€Å"can go into a playground of kids that don’t know anything about Christianity, lead them to the Lord in a matter of no time at all, and just moments later make them be seeing visions and hearing the voice of God.† On all levels, she appears to sincerely believe in her mission, through statements such as â€Å"They’re so usable in Christianity† point to the frightening view of a larger â€Å"army of the Lord.† She tells children that in the old days â€Å"Harry Potter would’ve been put to death,† a rousing call for exclusion, especially a few scenes later when several children tell another child that he resembles Harry Potter. In one scene she has the children â€Å"pray over† a cardboard cutout of George W. Bush, who is lionized in parts of the film. Michael Papantonio, who is the first person introduced in the film, presents a more moderate view of Christianity. Accusing the religious right of â€Å"dividing this country,† he presents an alternate view, one where the love espoused by Christianity is not tainted by the intolerance and agendas of the far-right as personified by Pastor Becky.

Activity Evaluation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Activity Evaluation - Essay Example mining whether the available resources in a program have been efficiently utilized towards the end of meeting the set goals/ objectives while also importantly helping the one undertaking the evaluation to enhance the program especially by learning from the successes and correcting any mistakes that may have occurred during the implementation process (one gets to understand what is working and what aspects need reconsidering). Evaluation, just like the planning of health education is a continuous process and not a one-off affair that warrants continued revisions and updates. My activity evaluation of the project embraced more of a multi-pronged approach where several various methods were utilized to evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of the implemented regime. In my endeavors, I employed various evaluation instruments such as interviews, questionnaires and data comparisons pre-and-post-implementation, all in attempts of conducting thorough process evaluation, impact evaluation and outcome evaluation. I collected feedback from the community regarding the health education program that had been implemented and the financial aid measures enforced therewith. I used a prepared check-list to determine whether the activities were being conducted as planned for process evaluation. For impact evaluation, I researched on behavior variations that are taking place as a consequence of the implemented activities, and also sought to know whether level of knowledge regarding Alzheimer’s had improved over time. In this very vein also, I desired to know whether a favorable attitude had been developed from our implementation, if a required skill had been instilled and if a harmful belief had been vanquished. I encountered a few challenges regarding outcome evaluation as I felt it required a bit more time to fully assess and stake claim on long-term changes as a doing of the program implementation. I was also unfortunately unable to completely, in such a short time, state the

Wuthering Heights and Memoirs of a Geisha analyse Essay Example for Free

Wuthering Heights and Memoirs of a Geisha analyse Essay We dont become Geisha because we want our lives to be happy; we become Geisha because we have no choice. With reference to Wuthering Heights and Memoirs of a Geisha analyse the role of women within these novels. Within the novels Memoirs of a Geisha and Wuthering heights the role of women are very different this could be because of the different time period in which the novels were written as Memoirs of a Geisha was set in 1930s where as Wuthering Heights is a much earlier book being written in 1847 but set in the 1700s. Alternatively the difference of the role of women within these novels could be because of the different countries and cultures that the women live in, one being on the outskirts of a small village in Yorkshire the other being set in a pre-war Japan. These two major differences in lifestyle and time between the novels does mean the women have different roles within their societies but it also shows many similarities in the womens way of life, how they are treated, by men especially men, and the way in which they conduct themselves throughout the novels. In both of the novels, Memoirs of a Geisha and Wuthering Heights the women are not in total control of their lives. This is shown in many different ways throughout. I will be looking at how the roles of the women within the novels are shaped by the environment and over characters around them. One theme that occurs in both novels that affect the women is entrapment. In both novels entrapment of the characters is shown in many different ways. In Memoirs of a geisha Sayuri is entrapped at the okiya after she tries to escape and run away with her sister but falls off a roof and breaks her arm; this results in the okiya being locked and Sayuri is banned from leaving without permission from mother, this is entrapment is described by Mameha We dont become geisha because we want our lives to be happy; we become geisha because we have no choice. This shows the lack of control women have over their lives in this novel and that theyre lives are decided for them by other people, in the case of a Geisha these people are the men as they decide whether a girl is to be a great geisha or whether her career is to fail. This shows that Sayuri is not in control of her life and is physically trapped, this is similar to Cathy in Wuthering Heights as Cathy lives at Thrushcroft Grange is banned from leaving the grounds surrounding it, Till she reached the age of thirteen she had not once been beyond the range of the park by herself. This shows that Cathy does what her father tells her to and that she spends a long period of her life cut off from the rest of the world by the walls that surround the grounds of Thrushcroft Grange. another similarities between Cathy and Sayuri is that they are both trapped by money. Sayuri is trapped by her building debt to mother and is not allowed to leave the okiya until she has fully paid it off, this is made difficult by Hatsumonos interference; this is similar to Cathy having to stay with Heathcliff after marrying Linton. These not only show the entrapment of the women but also how the men have the power over the women in both the books. In both the books the men play a big role in the womens lives. This is because the women are dependant on the mens money and support, but also because of love. In Memoirs of a Geisha Sayuri and the other Geisha are dependent on the money they receive from them, without this they would be forced to do proper work. The book shows the hold a man in Japan at that time had on a woman; this is shown in many ways throughout the book the first being at the start when Sayuri is at home with her mother and father. Her dad sells Sayuri and her sister to a man who in turn sells Sayuri to the Okiya and her sister to a whore house, This one maybe, the other one no. this is said by a women in the book but it still shows dominance they have over Sayuri and her sister this could be because thats the only people they do have authority over as men dominate them. This shows that the men have the control over Sayuri during the start of this book, deciding where she goes and what she is to become. Another way in which it is shown that men have the control in Memoirs of a Geisha is that all the Geisha are dependent on their customers, which are the men. This means they are the mercy of the men, also if a man was to give a geisha a bad reputation it could end her career, which again shows the power in which the men have over the women, this is shows when the baron forces Sayuri to undress for him and she is helpless to his power and strength. This again shows the dependence of men in the world of a geisha. This dependence is seen in a more indirect way in Wuthering Heights but is shown in many ways. One of the ways this is shown by Catherine near the start of the book. In front of her dad Catherine isseen as a normally playful child that knows when to stop but when hes not around she plays up all the time, and looks forward to being scolded by Nelly and Joseph, But as soon as she saw him vexed again, she kissed his hand This shows the power her dad has over her and that she wishes to please him this is similar to Memoirs of a Geisha when Sayuri leaves with Mr. Tanaka under her dads orders when my father threw, the fish back into the sea. This could describe how Her dad threw her out of the house and sent her on her way into life, this could be seen as a lack of regard for he and shows the true power of man over women within the book as he just sells her without protest from anyone including Sayuri and her sister. Many critics have the view the character of Heathcliff is female Gilbert and Gubars The Madwoman in the Attic: The Woman Writer and The Nineteenth-Century Literary Imagination (1975): argues that Heathcliff is female because he has no property, place or title. He is simply Heathcliff, never master, unlike Edgar Linton. Thus he has the female role in the society of the novel. This is shown at many points throughout the novel, But Nelly, if I knocked him down twenty times, that wouldnt make him less handsome, or me more so. I wish I had light hair and fair skin, and was dressed, and behaved as well, and had chance of being as rich as he will be! Bronte here concentrates on the physical qualities of the two rivals for Catherines affection, showing the connection between physicality and material wealth. The irony here is that despite the effeminate appearance and physical weakness of Edgar, he has the breeding, status and wealth that Heathcliff does not have. In Memoirs of a Geisha Sayuri life in the Okiya is all based round finding the Chairman again. This again shows the influence men have on her in this novel In that brief encounter with the Chairman, I had changed from a lost girl facing a lifetime of emptiness to a girl with purpose in her life. When she describes her pervious life before knowing the chairman as a lifetime of emptiness of a girl it shows that she believes that it takes a man to make a empty girl to one with purpose on one hand this could be seen that women at the time only lived to please men and that is what made there life have meaning, but on the other hand it could be seen as life is not worth living without love in it. This theory about love making life worth living is also seen in Wuthering Heights when Heathcliff falls to pieces after Catherines death I cannot live without my life! I cannot live without my soul! Heathcliff describes Catherine as his soul and keeping in mind the time period this book was set in, the soul is the most important part of a person, it was believed that without a soul a person was not human. This take on Heathcliff and Catherine against Sayuri and the Chairman show the opposites of each other. Sayuri and the Chairman show the dominance man has over women and the other showing the lack of it and how women have more power than it first appears they do. In both Novels Memoirs of a Geisha and Wuthering Heights the writers use many techniques to shows the weak role of women in society and it is clear to see that although there is a big time difference between the books being written, and that they are set in very different societies the role of women is very similar and all concentrates on the pleasing of men within their lives, this is shown using many different techniques throughout but neither books are less effective in showing the oppression of the womens role.

Destiny, Fate, Free Will and Free Choice in Oedipus the King - A Puppet on a String :: Oedipus the King Oedipus Rex

Oedipus – A Puppet on a String Gather closer around the fire, children; tonight is the night I tell my tale, of queens and kings, huge she-monsters and evil gods. You all know that story, the story of Oedipus, the man doomed to kill his father and marry his mother, his life a twisted strand in the ball of the Fates. But do you know what happened afterwards? Oedipus drifted, feeling his way through Greece, filling his remaining four senses with the delicate scent of the olive tree, the rough touch of the rocky outcrops, the sound of waves crashing and the tangy bitter taste of wine. After a time he found himself in Crete, home of the famous Labyrinth of King Minos, although by this time both King Minos and the Minotaur had long since left this world. Minos' daughter, Ariadne, ruled the rocky isle. Oedipus winced at the sharp stones under his feet and followed the ever increasing babble of the city. Suddenly he felt a sharp stone sting his side. "Ja, beggar, we don't need any more of the likes of you around here!" Oedipus cringed. "Please sir, forgive me," the once proud king murmured. He moved towards the palace where he hoped he would receive a more hospitable welcome. A wealth of scents greeted Oedipus' nose as he ambled down an alleyway: the tang of citrus, the bitter scent of unwashed people and the crisp smell of linen drying. As he approached the palace gates, Oedipus began to wonder how he would gain entrance. In answer to his thoughts, a male voice said, "You'll never get in here, you filthy peasant. Best go beg for a crust amongst the other sewer rats." The swish of linen followed, a scent of delicate perfume, and a female voice saying, "Antikretes, shame on you! Be hospitable. Why, this could be Zeus Himself in disguise." "If that's Zeus then I'm Aphrodite's girdle." "That's enough. I don't usually do this but there's something different about him. Show him to a room." "Yes, Majesty." "Oh, Your Royal Majesty," began Oedipus, suddenly realising whom he was talking to, but he was already being led away. That night Oedipus had a strange dream. He could see again, and he was sitting on a rocky outcrop overlooking the sea. Beside him was a beautiful woman with strange but wonderful eyes.

Job Analysis and Human Resource Requirement

* HR Career Feature Job Analysis in Human Resources by Surajit Sen Sharma Human resources personnel need to be prepared to modify job specifications and job descriptions on an everyday basis. To achieve organizational success, it is crucial to identify and determine the jobs that the organization needs performed in order to reach its strategic goals. Job analysis is therefore a vital function of human resources. | | | + Enlarge| | Human resource departments must analyze multiple aspects of a company in order to stay in the competition. | | What is job analysis? Job analysis may be defined as a methodical process of collecting information on the functionally relevant aspects of a job. Job analysis tells the human resources personnel: * the time it takes to complete relevant tasks * the tasks that are grouped together under a single job position * the ways to design or structure a job for maximizing employee performance * the employee behavioral pattern associated with performance of the job * the traits and attributes of a proper candidate for the job * the ways the data can be used to develop human resource management What is the need for job analysis? Three major factors create the need for job analysis: * statutory concerns, such as equal employment opportunity * responses to business competition—recruiting and retaining talent * technological changes that create new jobs and render others obsolete What are the uses of job analysis information? Job analysis information is used in human resources on a regular basis to define: * Job description: A job description gives an account of the work and duties associated with a particular job. It describes the way the job is performed currently. Most job descriptions contain the following information: * the job name summary description of the job * a list of duties for the job * a list of organizational responsibilities related to the job * Job specifications: Job specifications define the characteristics of the activities associated with the job and given in the job description. They describe the skill sets and qualifications that a candidate for the job should possess. * Job class ification: Job classification groups similar jobs into classes and families. This simplifies the overview for managers and is essential for streamlined functioning of an organization. Job evaluation: Job evaluation involves finding out the monetary worth of a job and helps to set up equitable pay structures. * Job design: Job design integrates employee needs with productivity needs to maximize worker efficiency. The conclusions draw from this data will often be: * Identifying training needs of personnel * Creating recruitment strategies * Making performance reviews Without proper job analysis by the human resources department, it is difficult for any organization to remain competitive and be able to attract and retain talent.

A Problem Of Religious Integrity - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1510 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2019/05/13 Category Society Essay Level High school Tags: Integrity Essay Did you like this example? A report released by the Pennsylvania Supreme Court revealed that over one thousand children were identifiable victims of sexual abuse by over 300 predator priests in only 6 of the Catholic Church dioceses of Pennsylvania (40th Statewide Investigating.A similar sex abuse scandal rocked the Church in Boston in 2002 when over 130 people came forward with stories of abuse, all of which had been covered up and hushed for years and even decades by the Church (Davis). The details of the cases are vulgar, unacceptable, and were covered up and brushed aside by the Roman Catholic Church in order to protect the abusers and the good name of the Church. Incidents like these show that when it comes to what drives the Vaticans decisions, religious integrity and moral standards take second place when it comes to their image. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Problem Of Religious Integrity" essay for you Create order The required vow of celibacy and the recurring theme of cover-up, denial, and blackmail have made the church a breeding ground for sexual abuse. The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops website provides their stance on morality, saying that [t]he Christian moral life is one that seeks to cultivate and practice virtue. . . Compassion, responsibility, a sense of duty, self-discipline and restraint, honesty, loyalty, friendship, courage, and persistence are examples of desirable virtues for sustaining a moral life (Morality). Why is there so much abuse in a church whose moral standards clearly indicate that abuse cases like those in Pittsburgh and Boston are completely unacceptable? Many critics feel that they are the result of the mandatory celibacy that priests must commit to when entering the church. Celibacy was defined by Rev. Thomas Doyle as forbidding not only marriage but also any kind of romantic or sexual relationship or sexual contact with any other person in any degree (Frawley-ODea 87). It is a vow that men who become ordained members of the clergy and women who become nuns must take (Frawley-ODea 88). Howev er, mental health counselor Richard Sipe found from his research that that only half of the 2,776 active and resigned priests that he collected data from for over 40 years (1960-2002) were committed to celibacy (Frawley-ODea 91). Twenty-eight percent of the priests were sexually active with women, 11 percent homosexually active, and 5 percent were involved with other types of sexual pursuits, such as cross-dressing and masturbation (Frawley-ODea 91). Sipe guessed that the remaining 6 percent [were] sexually active with minors, a percentage that was consistent with the results of the John Jay Study of abusive priests between 1950 and 2002 (Frawley-ODea 91). The problem seems to be that priests dont take their vows seriously and that many of them acknowledged that celibacy was neither relevant nor observed within their priesthoods (Frawley-ODea 92) This reflects the attitude that celibacy is optional. Additionally, because of the way the church treats the topic as taboo, it leaves many priests unable to have open discussion[s], [analyses], and confrontation[s] (Frawley-ODea 92). This leads to secrecy, denial, and shame which could cause the priests to feel unable to come forward and seek help with their struggl es of lust and lack of restraint. Without seeking the help they need they allow their problems to fester and even get worse, until it becomes years and years of cases of abuse. Meanwhile, other commentators feel that it wasnt the celibacy, but rather the lapse of it that was allowed by fellow clergy members. They believe that the system of cover-up, blackmail, and fear of persecution that priests have contrived out of their own selfish desires are the biggest part of the reason why abuse in the church occurs in such magnitude. In 2002, the world was brought into this secret system when about 200 people came forward so far with stories of abuse by priest John J. Geoghan (Betrayal 14). Geoghan was known by the church nearly his whole profession to be a serial rapist yet was somehow allowed to continue to be involved with the church for over 30 years (Betrayal 31-33). Every time that he was would get into some sort of trouble with abuse, they would simply relocate him to another church. This would happen many times, where a church would just relocate the problem without telling anyone about the priests history of abuse (Betrayal 31-33). Pushing these problems to the side like this enables bishops to continue violating minors. Author Mary Gail Frawley-ODea gives a metaphor that shows the unreasonable nature of these situations. A Reasonable person with no particular expertise in social sciences or criminal justice would not arrange for a known diamond thief, even a one-time thief, to work as an unsupervised night watchman at Harry Winston, especially without informing the famous jewelers management about the new employees background. (Frawley-ODea 138) This is what the church did hundreds of times and was effective at keeping their issues at bay (Davis). Another way abuse has been covered up is through blackmail. Priests who have acted on sexual behaviors but have not known made them known to the whole community can be blackmailed by other clergy members to keep silent on their own abuse, like the child molesters (Frawley-ODea 98). For instance, say one Priest was having sexual interactions with a girlfriend that he had and one day caught fellow priest abusing a minor. The pedophile could threaten the priest who discovered his secret by saying he would tell the rest of the community about his girlfriend. The priest would then feel pressured to keep quiet in order to maintain his own reputation. Finally, there is the fear of being marginalized from other clergy members. Christian Brother Barry Coldrey faced this problem when he had written a report on a superior about sexual abuse and was shunned by his peers; he said, Its fair to s ay I was marginalized There was a lot of bitching and bickering about what I was doing (Frawley-ODea 91). All of this cover-up was presumably done to maintain the churchs image and to save the abusers from facing actual justice. What is at stake from a tarnished image is the reputation of other clergy members, the 50 percent who are celibates (Frawley-ODea 91) and loss of practitioners and therefore money. About 27 percent of Catholics who left the clergy claimed the sexual abuse scandals were the reason for leaving the church in 2015, and 21 percent of former Catholics now Protestants gave the same reason for switching (Zauzmer). This is a decent chunk of what the churchs income consists of, so they have suffered. Some members have stopped giving financial contributions as a way to discourage the church from allowing this to happen any longer (Zaumer). The church countered these actions, saying that stopping these contributions will only limit how the church will be able to serve their own members and will not change the entire system of the entire church. (Zauzmer). A lot of time and change will be needed to ensure that things like the cases detailed in Boston and the Pittsburgh Grand Jury investigation report will be put to an end. The vow of celibacy and the recurring theme of cover-up, denial, and blackmail have forced the church to compromise their integrity and moral standards. However, the church has made changes; Pope Francis has addressed the problem. With shame and repentance, we acknowledge as an ecclesial community that we were not where we should have been, that we did not act in a timely manner, realizing the magnitude and the gravity of the damage done to so many lives. We showed no care for the little ones; we abandoned them. (Povoledo) With this mindset, the church has made changes since the Boston incident: In 2002, the U.S. Conference of Catholic Church Bishops decided to make mandatory rules on sexual abuse in all 194 dioceses in the U.S. They made it so that any priest who sexually abuse minors be removed from ministry and be reported to prosecutors, that dioceses reach out to victims, and that Church workers be trained to recognize and report indications that a child might have been harmed (Betrayal 194). Another positive aspect of the crisis is that it had brought to light many other problems of the church that can now begin to be resolved. For example, homosexuality, the role of women in the church, and celibacy and where or not it should be required (Betrayal 184). And most importantly, those accused are getting the justice they deserve behind bars. Works Cited Betrayal: the Crisis in the Catholic Church. Little, Brown and Co., 2002. Davis, Jim. Spotlight Church Abuse Report: Church Allowed Abuse by Priest for Years The Boston Globe. BostonGlobe.com, The Boston Globe, 6 Jan. 2002, www.bostonglobe.com/news/special-reports/2002/01/06/church-allowed-abuse-priest-for-years/cSHfGkTIrAT25qKGvBuDNM/story.html. Frawley-ODea, Mary Gail. Perversion of Power: Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church. Vanderbilt University Press, 2007. Povoledo, Elisabetta. We Abandoned Them: Pope Francis Condemns Sex Abuse and Cover-Up. The New York Times, The New York Times, 20 Aug. 2018, www.nytimes.com/2018/08/20/world/europe/pope-sexual-abuse-letter.html. Zauzmer, Julie, et al. Wasted Our Lives: Catholic Sex Abuse Scandals Again Prompt a Crisis of Faith. The Washington Post, WP Company, 19 Aug. 2018, www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/08/19/wasted-our-lives-catholic-sex-abuse-scandals-again-prompt-a-crisis-of-faith/?utm_term=.d6bcfe2ea98d. 40th Statewide Investigation Grand Jury Report 1. 2018, pp. 1â€Å"3.